2012大英赛试题 C级
2015-03-19 21:31阅读:
2012 National English Contest for
College Students
(Level C –
Preliminary)
(总分:150分
时间:120分钟)
Part I listening Comprehension (30
marks)
Section A (5 marks)
In this section, you will hear five short
conversations. Each conversation will be
read only once .After each conversation, there will be a
twenty-second pause. During the pause, read the question and
the three choices marked A, B and C,
and decide which is the best answer .Then mark the corresponding
letter on the ans
wer sheet with a single line through the centre.
1.
What does the man say we can do to deal
with oil crisis?
A. To make full use of oil.
B. To use as little oil as
possible
C. To find alternative energy.
2. Where does this conversation most probably take
place?
A. In an insurance company.
B. In a bank.
C. In a supermarket.
3. According to the man, who is going to take over the
position they are talking about?
A. Janice.
B. Someone else.
C. Meryl.
4. What does the woman say about the man’s report for the
meeting?
A. He has to get it ready before tomorrow noon.
B. He has done well enough.
C. He has enough time to prepare it.
5. How many people will be on the earth by the year 2020
according to the professor?
A. Some 5.8 billion.
B. Nearly 7
billion.
C. Over 8.5 billion.
Section B (10 marks)
In this section, you will hear two long
conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At
the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause.
During the pause, read the questions and the three choices
marked A, Band C, and decide which is the best
answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer
sheet with a single line through the centre
Conversation One
6. What’s the main job of Simon’s organization?
A. They send out radio signals to communicate with other
planets.
B. They look for life and intelligence on other
planets.
C. They study stars that have planets orbiting around
them.
7. Why does the organization search for radio signals from
space?
A. Their presence may prove the existence of
aliens.
B. They may help scientists find out how the universe
started.
C. They convey messages about life on the earth.
8. Does Simon believe those stories about aliens visiting our
planet?
A. No, he doesn’t believe them at all.
B. Yes, he does believe those stories because of his
study.
C. Yes, he believes them although he has no
evidence.
9. Which of the following factor is considered to be
important in forming life according to the passage?
A. Gravity.
B. Minerals.
C. Water.
10. When did the “big bang” occur?
A. No one knows.
B. 12 billion years ago.
C. 20 billion year ago.
Conversation Two
11. Why did Bob make the news last month?
A. Because he criticized traditional jobs
B. Because he earned a lot of money.
C. Because he tried new strategies in finding a
job.
12. In which way do the bestsellers like “The Brand Called
You” and “The Personal Branding Phenomenon” help
people?
A. They advise people to promote themselves as
brands.
B. They teach people how to be a perfect
partner.
C. They give people tips for job interview.
13. When did Bob come up with the idea of using the internet
to find a job?
A. Ten years ago when he was a college student.
B. When he began to do research between jobs.
C. After he launched the campaign “Give Bob a
Job”.
14. What was the purpose of Bob’s making the
video?
A. To fulfill his ambition as a director.
B. To sell his products like Teddy bears and
T-shirts.
C. To advertise his skills and talents.
15. How can the internet help Bob in his job search
exactly?
A. By helping him make friends.
B. By passing on the video he made.
C. By providing job information for him.
Section C (5 marks)
In this section, you will hear five short news
items. After each item, which will be read only once, there
will be a pause. During the pause, read the question and the
three choices marked A, B and C, and
decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter
on the answer sheet with a single line through the
centre.
16. How many troops are going to withdraw from Afghanistan by
the end of next year?
A. 43,000.
B. 10,000.
C.
33,000.
17. What is the finding of the study?
A. Low-calorie foods may lead to more weight.
B. High-calorie foods may lead to more weight.
C. High-calorie foods may lead to less weight.
18. What do the conflicting reports show about
radiation?
A. The radiation level given by Tokyo Electric is much
smaller than that given by other tests.
B. The radiation level given by other tests is smaller than
that given by Tokyo Electric.
C. The radiation level is close to 10,000 times the normal
level.
19. Why are Caribbean Service and Europe Today shut down by
BBC?
A. Because of their outdated services.
B. Because of cuts in government funding.
C. Because of lack of target audience.
20. What’s the cause of demonstrations in cities and towns
across Syria?
A. They are calling for more freedom.
B. Workers demand higher pay.
C. Some thirty people were killed by the police.
Section D (10 marks)
In this section, you will hear a short passage. There are
10 missing words or phrases. Fill in the blanks with the
exact words or phrases you hear. The passage will be read
twice. Remember to write the answers on the answer
sheet.
Recovery from jetlag can take as long as a day for every time
zone crossed. So if you’re flying east-west for your holiday or on
business, it is likely to mean a few days of feeling tired or even
unwell.
Jetlag is the (21)__________ of the body’s natural cycle and
some factors make it worse. The artificial atmosphere inside a
plane can affect the body in a number of ways and add to the
effects of jetlag.
Exercising before flights helps to offset the effects on the
body of reduced (22) _________, and aerobic exercise afterwards
helps to reoxygenate it. Drink plenty of water. Children may need
more. Drinking carrot juice before flying overcomes oxygen
deficiency.
Eat light, frequent meals. Heavy meals (23) __________ the
blood circulation, which can lead to dizziness and fainting. For
two weeks before you fly, eat plenty of food containing vitamins A
and E; they will build up your (24) __________ and help to keep you
fit. Sleep as much as you can before the flight and on it. On
board, wear earplugs and eye pads because darkness (25) __________
secretion of the hormones that enhance sleep.
Avoid alcohol, which restricts the brain’s oxygen intake.
Like tea and coffee, alcohol increases the dehydration effect of
flying. If you need to drink to relax, (26) __________ that the
cabin environment intensifies the effect of alcohol.
Wear loose, comfortable, warm clothes and limber up during
flight. Sitting down for several hours slows down the (27)
_________, leading to local stiffness, cramps and dizziness.
Re-adjust to local time as soon as you can. Bright light helps the
body stay alert, so if you are going somewhere sunny, stay
outside.
Do not smoke before or during the flight since smoking (28)
___________ the blood oxygen level. If you need to calm your
nerves, try aromatherapy oils which have a sedative effect.
(29)
_________ your doctor before flying if you are on medication. The
effects of some drugs are strengthened at high altitudes and some
may produce (30) _________.
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (15
marks)
There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For
each blank there are four choices marked A, B,
C and D. Choose the one that best completes the
sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer
sheet with a single line through the centre.
31. What we all work for is to free ________ time for the
things we really want to do.
A. off
B.
up
C. aside
D.
in
32. You _________ his words seriously. He was talking
nonsense.
A. won’t take
B. may not take
C. mustn’t have taken
D. needn’t
have taken
33. Never hesitate to _________ the first opportunity that
comes along.
A. seize
B. draw
C. who; that
D. obtain
34. His mother ________ hated city life longed to return to
the village in _______she grew up.
A. that; where
B. who; which
C. who;
that
D. who; where
35. All things _______, I think I’d better take your
advice.
A. considering
B. to be considered
C. considered
D. have been
considered
36. Twelve European countries ________ over to the Euro on
January 1st, 2002.
A. transformed
B. switched
C. reversed
D. altered
37. She isn’t anything ________ unpleasant as people say she
is.
A. as like
B. like
C.
as
D. like as
38. Stop complaining. You really ________ my
nerves.
A. get down
B. get along
C. get off
D. get on
39. There wasn’t _______ truth in what he said.
A. a grain of
B. a ray of
C. a point of
D. a drop of
40. ________ for my savings, I wouldn’t be able to survive
these miserable days.
A. Was it not
B. Were it
not
C. Had it been not
D.
Hadn’t it been
41. There was a power cut this morning. ________, I couldn’t
do anything with my computer.
A. Supposedly
B. Presumably
C.
Consequently D. Essentially
42. Alarm clocks needlessly wake ______ households. I want to
design something targeted at the individual sleeper.
A. whole
B. total
C. full
D.
high
43. _______ both parties agree on these issues will a
contract be signed soon.
A. If only
B. Unless
C. Should
D. Only if
44.—I’ve run out of cash. Could you
lend me a few pounds this evening?
—_____ I’ll just have to find time to get to the
bank and make a withdrawal.
A.I can lend you some now.
B. I’m not sure I’ve got any either.
C. Sorry, I haven’t got a penny in my account.
D. My credit card must be left home.
45. —We’re all going to the New
Skyline Restaurant for our end-of-year get-together. Can we count
you in?
—Oh, thanks, Sara, but _____
A. I didn’t find you then.
B.
I’ve been to the restaurant once.
C. I’ll pass this time.
D. I’ll meet
you there at 5:00.
Part III Cloze (10 marks)
Read the following passage and fill in each blank with
one word. Choose the correct word in one of the following
three ways: according to the context, by using the correct
form of the given word, or by using the given letters of the word.
Remember to write the answers on the answer
sheet.
Did you know that for every 20,000 novels written, only one
gets published? So the (46) ____ (likely) that I’ll ever fulfill my
ambition of becoming a professional mystery writer doesn’t seem
very high. But the prospect of turning my lifelong passion into my
livelihood and achieving fame and (47) for ______ at the same time
is just too exciting for me to be put off by dull
statistics.
So what does it (48) t_______ to become a writer? Reading is
important—all writers need to research
their genre thoroughly to familiarize themselves (49) _______ its
codes and conventions. My bookshelves at home are stacked with the
novels of all the great mystery writers, which I’ve read and in
many cases, re-read, despite (50) _______ (know) all the time
“who’d done it”.
Of course, being a writer requires imagination. You have to
develop your own personal style rather than simply copy the work of
“the greats”. I’ve turned out (51) d________ of short crime stories
for my university student magazine—some
have been published, some not, but I’ve always aimed to produce
original and imaginative material.
Last but not (52) ________, successful writers possess
enormous self-discipline. I’ve often sacrificed my social life in
order to devote the necessary time and effort to producing a good
quality story. And more than once that has meant (53) _______ the
midnight oil.
We’ve got a novel inside us. Getting it out in anywhere near
publishable form is no (54) ______ task, but with imagination and
determination, and the help of an expert on “master class”, who
could possibly fail to (55) re_______ their ambition?
Part IV Reading Comprehension (40
marks)
Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by
several questions. Respond to the questions using information from
the passage. Remember to write the answers on the answer
sheet.
Section A (10 marks)
Questions 56—60 are based on the
following passage.
The term culture shock was
introduced for the first time in 1958 to describe the anxiety
produced when a person moves to a completely new environment. This
term expresses the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do
things in a new environment. This term expresses the feeling of not
knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment. We can
describe culture shock as the physical and emotional discomfort a
person suffers when coming to live in a place different from the
place of origin.
Often, the way that we live before is not accepted or
considered as normal in the new place. Everything is different, for
example, not speaking the language, not knowing how to use banking
machines, not knowing how to use telephones, and so
forth.
The symptoms of culture shock can appear at different times.
Although a person can experience real pain from culture shock, it
is also an opportunity for growing and learning new perspectives.
Culture shock can help people develop a better understanding of
themselves and stimulate personal creativity.
Culture shock has many stages. Each stage can be ongoing, or
appear only at certain times. In the first stage, the new arrival
may feel very happy about all of the new experience. This time is
called the honeymoon stage. Afterward, the second stage presents
itself. A person may encounter some difficulties in daily life. For
example, communication difficulties may occur, such as not being
understood. In this stage, there may be feelings of impatience,
anger and sadness. Transition between the old methods and those of
the new country is a difficult process and takes time to complete.
The third stage is characterized by gaining some understanding of
the new culture. A new feeling of pleasure and sense of humor may
be experienced. A person may start to feel a psychological balance.
The individual is more familiar with the environment and wants to
belong. This starts an evaluation of the old ways versus those of
the new. In the fourth stage, the person realizes that the new
culture has good and bad things to offer. This stage can be one of
double integration or triple integration, depending on the number
of cultures that the person has to process. This integration is
characterized by a more solid feeling of belonging. The person
starts to define himself or herself and establish goals for living.
The fifth stage is the stage that is called the reentry shock. This
occurs when a person returns to the newly acquired customs are
considered improper in the old culture.
Questions
56—60
Complete the summary with words from the passage, changing
the form where necessary, with only one word for each
blank.
Introduced in 1958, culture shock is a term used to (56)
__________ physical and emotional discomfort people experience when
they come to or live in a new place. Although many people suffer a
lot from culture shock, it is an (57) _________ for personal
improvement. The five stages of culture shock may last for a long
time or show up once in a while. In the first stage, the (58)
__________ stage, the new arrival might be OK with everything.
Afterward, (59) ________ from old methods to the new one calls for
time and energy. During the third and fourth stage, people may gain
more understanding of the new culture and possess objective views.
The double or triple integration is (60) __________ by a feeling of
belonging. The last stage, called reentry shock, refers to the
feeling people have when returning to their home
country.
Section B (10 marks)
Questions 61-65 are based on the following
passage.
For some people, it would be unthinkable. But Gabe Henderson
is finding freedom in a recent decision; he canceled his MySpace
account. The 26 years old graduate student stopped his account
after realizing that a lot of his online friends were really just
acquaintances. “The superficial emptiness clouded the excitement I
had once felt,” Henderson wrote in an article. “It seems we have
lost, to some degree, the special depth that true friendship is
about.”
Journalism professor Michael Bugeja, who is a strong
supporter of face-to-face communication, read Henderson’s column
and saw it was a sign of hope. Though he’s not anti-technology,
Bugeja often lectures students about “interpersonal
intelligence” —knowing when, where, and
for what purpose technology is most appropriate. He points out the
students he’s seen walking across campus, holding hands with each
other while talking on cell phones to someone else He’s also seen
them in coffee shops, surrounded by people, but staring instead at
a computer screen. “True friends,” he says, “need to learn when to
stop blogging and go across campus to help a friend.”
These days, young people are more wired than
ever—but they’re also getting more
worried. Increasingly, they’ve had to deal with online bullies, who
are posting anything from embarrassing photos to online threats.
And increasingly, young people also are realizing that things they
post on their profiles can come back to hurt them when applying for
schools or jobs.
Social networking can be an “extremely effective” way to
publicize events to large groups. It can even help build a sense of
community on campus. People joined Facebook as a way to meet
others. However, it has limitations. A good Internet profile could
make even the most boring person seem some what interesting. People
are also not always happy with text messages on the cell phones.
Cell phones can be a quick way to say “have a good day”. But
friends can also cancel a night out with a text message to avoid
having to explain. “Our generation needs to get over this fear of
confrontation and rejection.” Henderson says. “The focus needs to
be on quality communication, in all ways.” Back in his life,
Henderson is enjoying spending more face-to-face time with his
friends and less with his computer. He says his decision to quit
his social-networking Internet accounts was a good one. “I’m not
sacrificing friends,” he says, “because if a picture, some basic
information about their life and a Web page is all my friendship
has become, then there was nothing to sacrifice to begin
with.”
Questions
61—63
Decide whether the following statements aretrue (T) or
false (F) according to the passage.
61. Although Henderson quit MySpace, most of his online
friends are actually close friends.
62. According to Bugeja, young people should know when to use
technology and when to stop using it.
63. Social networking helps build a sense of community but
has a negative effect on young people’s life if it is used
inappropriately.
Questions
64—65
Answer the following questions briefly according to the
passage.
64. What does Henderson lose by using social networking
websites like Myspace?
65. What do young people need to overcome in order to focus
on quality communication?
Section C (10 marks)
Questions
66—70 are based on the following
passage.
“Five … Four
…Three …Two
…One …See ya! ” and
Chance McGuire, twenty-five, is airborne off a 600 –foot concrete
dam in Northern California. In one second he falls 15 feet, in two
seconds 60 feet, and after three seconds and 130 feet, he is flying
at 66 miles an hour.
McGuire is a practitioner of what he calls the king of all
extreme sports. BASE—an acronym for
building, antenna, span (bridge) and earth
(cliffs)—jumping has one of the sporting
world’s highest fatality rates: in its 18-year history, forty –six
participants have been killed. Yet the sport has never been more
popular, with more than a thousand jumpers in the United States,
and more seeking to get into it every day. It is an activity
without margin for error. If your chute malfunctions, don’t bother
researching for a reserve—there isn’t
time. There are no second chances.
Still, the sport may be a perfect fit with the times.
Americans may have more in common with McGuire than they know or
care to admit. America has embarked on a national orgy of thrill
seeking and risk taking. The rise of adventure and extreme sports
such as BASE jumping, snowboarding, ice climbing, skateboarding,
and paragliding is merely the most vivid manifestation of this new
national behavior.
The rising popularity of extreme sports speaks of an
eagerness on the part of millions of Americans to participate in
activities closer to the edge, where danger, skill, and fear
combine to give weekend warriors and professional athletes alike a
sense of pushing out personal boundaries. According to American
Sports Data Inc., a consulting firm, participation in so-called
extreme sports is way up. Snowboarding has grown 113 percent in
five years and now boasts nearly 5.5 million participants. Mountain
hiking, skateboarding, scuba diving—their
growth curves reveal a nation that loves to play with danger.
Contrast that with activities such as baseball, touch football, and
aerobics, all of which were in steady decline throughout the
1990s.
The pursuits that are becoming more popular have one thing in
common: the perception that they are somehow more challenging than
a game of touch football. “Every human being with two legs and two
arms is going to wonder how fast, how strong, how enduring he or
she is,” says Eric Perlman, a mountaineer and film maker
specializing in extreme sports. “We are designed to experience or
die.”
Questions
66—68
Complete the following sentences with information given in
the passage in a maximum of 4 words for each blank.
66. _______ rates doesn’t stop people from getting into BASE
jumping every day.
67. The rise of extreme sports manifests the national
behavior of _______ and ________.
68. The combination of fear, skill and danger gives both
amateurs and professionals a sense of ______.
Questions
69—70
Choose the best answer according to the passage.
69. Which of the following activities reveals a nation that
loves to play activities closer to the edge?
A. Touch football.
B. Baseball.
C. Scuba diving.
D.
Aerobics.
70. What does Eric mean by saying “We are designed to
experience or die”?
A. Life with great
challenges is a meaningful one.
B. Life without great
experiences is very common.
C. People may die
while doing extreme sports.
D. Extreme sports are
essential parts of human life.
Section D (10 marks)
Questions 71—75 are based on the following
passage.
Albert Einstein was one of the greatest thinkers the world
has ever known. He formulated theories of relativity, successfully
described the nature of the universe and came up with the most
famous equation in the world. David Beckham is the footballer whose
skills and precision have made him one of the most gifted sportsmen
of his generation. Who is more intelligent?
How Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences (MI) dares us
to put these two men on neighboring pedestals. Instead of regarding
intelligence as a single quantity measurable by pen-and-paper
tests, Gardner, an education professor at Harvard University,
divides human intelligence into no fewer than eight separate
categories ranging from mathematical to musical competence.
(74)His ideas have provoked vigorous debate about how one
defines intelligence. Gardner’s point is that quantity measures
only one capacity, the sort of mental agility that is valued in
academic achievement, and that this single number does not do
justice to human potential. So he has created his own spheres of
achievement. Some categories are easily reconcilable with general
perceptions about IQ. For example, “linguistic” intelligence
confers a mastery of language, and is the preserve of such people
as poets, writers and linguists. “Logical mathematical”
intelligence marks out people who take a reasoning approach to
physical things, and seek underlying principles. Einstein is the
standard –bearer of this group, which also includes philosophers.
These two categories are the main components of what we generally
think of as “intelligence”.
“Musical” intelligence characterizes musicians, composers and
conductors. “Spatial” intelligence is about being able to picture
perspective, to visualize a world in one’s head with great
accuracy. Chess players, artists and architects would rate highly
in this category. Dancers, athletes and actors are lumped under the
“bodily-kinesthetic” heading; these individual, like Beckham, are
able to control their bodies and movements very
carefully.
Then come two types of “personal” intelligence-intrapersonal,
the ability to gauge one’s own mood, feelings and mental states,
and interpersonal, being able to gauge it in others and use the
information. These two categories could be interpreted as emotional
intelligence. Psychiatrists are particularly adept at the former,
while religious leaders and politicians are seen as people who can
exploit the latter.
Charles Darwin is perhaps the perfect embodiment of the
eighth intelligence –“naturalist”. This label describes people with
a deep understanding of the natural world and its objects.
Zoologists and botanists can count themselves among this
group.
(75)These eight categories certainly reflect the fact that,
in these areas, there is a spectrum of human ability ranging from
the hopeless to the brilliant. But are these really intelligences,
or could these competences be more accurately described as gifts or
talents?
Questions 71—73
Answer the following questions briefly according to the
passage.
71. What are the main components of “intelligence” we
generally think of?
72. What kind of abilities does emotional intelligence
involve?
73. Which intelligences are represented by Einstein and
Beckham respectively?
Questions 74—75
Translate the underlined sentences in the passage into
Chinese.
74. His ideas have provoked vigorous debate about how one
defines intelligence.
75. These eight categories certainly reflect the fact that,
in these areas, there is a spectrum of human ability ranging from
the hopeless to the brilliant.
Part V Translation (10
marks)
Translate the following sentences into English, using the
hints given in brackets. Remember to write the answer on the
answer sheet.
76. 既然没有退路了,我们不妨试试他的方法。(might as
well)
77. 公司的利润连续三个月下滑,你如何解释?(account
for)
78.
在谈到如何能取得成功时,Blair强调创造机遇比等待机遇更重要。(put
emphasis on)
79. 我希望我年轻的时候也有你们这么好的机会。(虚拟语气)
80.
高昂的学费并不一定能够保证良好的教育。(guarantee)
Part VI Error Correction (10
marks)
Proofread the passage as required. Each indicated line
contains a maximum of one error. Correct the passage in the
following way: for a right line, put the sign
“√” in the corresponding blank; for a
wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in
the blank; for a missing word, mark the position of the missing
word with the sign “∧” and write the word
you believe to be missing in the blank; for an unnecessary word,
cross the unnecessary word with the sign “\” and put the word with
the sign “\” in the blank. Write the answers on the answer
sheet.
For example:
One of my favorite writers are Charlotte Bronte. She
was born in the early
___is___ nineteenth century when women had far fewer
opportunities ∧ they have now.
__than___ She lived in a
small village in Yorkshire and she took great pleasure in walking
____√___ on the moors where
__where__
|
Cash reward is a common form of motivation used by parents
with high
expectation to encourage their children work hard at exam
time. Some
81.
________
youngsters receive payments of as much as
£100 for each A grade they
obtain at GSCE. But would such “bribes” be based on exam
performance or 82.
________
should they, as many parents and teachers feel, be offered in
recognition of a 83.
________
child’s effort, regardless of results? The later approach
would solve the
84.
________
problems of how parents reward children with different levels
of ability;
85. ________
imagine, for example, a family with one child who is
academically gift and
86. ________
another who has learning difficulties. The dangers of
result-relating incentives 87.
________
for the second child are clear; with little hope of obtaining
the higher grades,
the withholding of promised financial rewards would only
compound of the
88.________
child’s feeling of false. However, some leading educational
psychologists
89. ________
believe that parents should rely in their own judgments in
such matters. They 90.
________
maintain that if parents know that money will motivate their
child, then they
should not be condemned for operating a system of cash
payouts.
Part VII IQ Test (5 marks)
There are five IQ Test questions in this part. Write the
answers on the answer sheet.
91. Which two words starting with “P” and “O” contain the
most letters?
92. What is at: The beginning of eternity
The
end of time and space
The
beginning of every end
And
the end of every place?
93.
What’s the phrase
that is represented by the picture?
94. Which picture should replace the question
mark?
95. Your sock drawer contains ten pairs of white socks and
ten pairs of black socks. If you’re only allowed to take one sock
from the drawer at a time and you can’t see the color of the sock
you’re taking until you’ve taken it, how many socks do you have to
take before you’re guaranteed to have at least one matching
pair?
Part VIII Writing (30 marks)
I (10 marks)
WRITERS REQUIRED
We are looking for people to write for this magazine about
places of interest in their local area which would be of interest
to an international readership. We would like to hear from anyone
who has:
—an interest in travelling to places of
interest;
—some personal experience of writing;
Send us a letter of application, explaining why you think you
are suitable.
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You should write no fewer than 100 words on the answer sheet.
Use “Frank” instead of your real name.
II (20 marks)
China is now experiencing the largest mass
migration of people, an estimated 230 million (2010), from the
countryside to cities in history. They’ve brought economy boom to
cities and life improvement to their own families. However, this
migration leaves land in the countryside uncultivated and children
of migrant workers poorly educated.
How do you think can the migration in China have a balanced
development?
Write your article in about 140 words in an
appropriate style on the answer sheet.