【新三】Lesson 24:A skeleton in the cupboard “家丑”[语法+词汇]
2013-12-31 07:59阅读：
Lesson 24:A skeleton
in the cupboard
“家丑”
【语法解析】
解释题目：A skeleton in
the cupboard
本文语法：暗语-不用like 或as 的含蓄的比喻，需要仔细品味句子或者短语背后的含义。
橱柜中的骷髅=家丑不可外扬（柜中骷髅，怎么可以拿出去吓人呢）
例句支持：
1.cry the stinking fish
暴露自己的缺点，自贬身价（鱼臭了就要扔掉，哭也没有用，反而很丢人）
2.Don’t wash
your dirty linen
br>in pubic.家丑不可外扬。（当众洗脏衣服，让人侧目）
3.Cry wolf 发假警报
（狼来了）
4.Let sleeping dogs
lie.莫惹是生非。（让正在睡觉的狗继续睡，何必招惹它）
5.The early bird catches
the worm.捷足先登。（早起的鸟儿有虫子。）
文学中的经典范例：
1.All the
world’s a stage
,and all the men and
women merely players.（William Shakespeare
）
(整个世界是座舞台，男男女女不过是演员而已)（威廉.莎士比亚）
2.Education is not the
filling of a pail,but the
lighting of a fire.(William
B.Yeats)
教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。（威廉.B.叶芝）
1.We often
read in
novels how a
seemingly
respectable person
or family has some
terrible secret
which has been
concealed from
strangers for years.
语言点1：结构分析：how 引导宾语从句，说明read的内容。从句中的Which引导定语从句，修饰secret，说明：是什么样的秘密
语言点2：conceal sth.from sb
的意思是-向某人隐瞒某事。
Hush up the scandal 隐瞒丑事 draw the
curtain over/on 隐瞒
cover up the
incident 隐瞒事件
suppress the fact
隐瞒事实 hide one’s
feeling 隐藏某人的感情
2.The English language
possesses a
vivid saying
to describe
this sort of
situation.
结构分析：to describe
this sort of situation
作宾语saying的补足语，补充说明-说法的内容
He has found a job to
support his family.
他找了份工作可以养活自己的家人。
扩展：saying 俗语 谚语
凡人皆有得意之日，是一个谚语，意思是说每个人都能有他做得好的机会。
‘Every dog has his
day ‘is a
saying ,meaning that everyone
gets his chance of doing
well.
有句谚语说，每个成功的男人背后都有一个女人。
There is a saying that
behind every successful man
there ‘s a
woman.
2.The terrible
secret is called 'a
skeleton in the
cupboard'.
句子结构分析：a skeleton in the
cupboard.主语secret 的不足语
政府中有些我们所不知道的秘密。
There are some skeleton in
the government ‘s
cupboard which we do not
know.
3.At some
dramatic moment
in the story, the terrible
secret becomes known and a
reputation is
ruined.
语言点：被动语态翻译为主动更符合汉语的逻辑和表达习惯。A reputation
is ruined 声誉扫地。（不能直译为一个声誉被毁了）
At some time 在某些时候
世上的每个人在某些时候都可能实现自己的梦想。
Everyone in the world can
make his dream come true
at some moment.
Ruin 毁坏 毁灭
She poured water all over
my painting ,and ruined
it.
她把水 全都倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
I was ruined by that law
case.
我被那场官司搞的倾家荡产。
4.The reader's hair stands
on end when he reads in
the final pages of the
novel that the
heroine a
dear old lady who had
always been so kind to
everybody, had, in her youth,
poisoned everyone of her five
husbands.
语言点1：句型结构分析：这是一个超长的复合句，主句为The
reader’s hair
stands on end ,when 引导时间状语从句，其中又有一个由that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中含有由who
引导的定语从句，修饰lady。此外a dear old lady
作heroine
的同位语，in
her youth 是插入语。
语言点2：hair stands on
的意思是-头发竖起来了（形容毛骨悚然，害怕至极）在本句中为夸张修辞格。
语言点3：poison 在本句中是谓语动词，即-投毒。
扩展：on end
直立 竖着
He placed the box on end
and sat on it.
他把箱子竖起来，坐在上面。
Be kind to sb.
He is kind to everyone,even
the strangers.
Children are taught to be
kind to the
adults.父母教育孩子对待大人要有礼貌。
In her youth 青年时期
Everyone will imagine his future
life in their youth.
每个人在青年时期都会想象一下自己将来的生活。
4.It is all
very well for such things
to occur in
fiction.
语言点：句子结构分析：it 充当形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语 to
occur in fiction,此句可以还原为：To occur in
fiction is all very well
for such things.但还原后的句子头重脚轻，故使用it作形式主语，而将句子的真正主语移到后面。
用法：It’s
all very well(for sb.)to do
sth,but ...。。。。。固然可以，但是，（常用来表示不满或讥讽）“好倒是好，但也有令人感动不如意的地方”
It’s all very
well for you to say
that,but what can I
do?
你说的容易，可我又有什么办法？
The job is
done,that’s all very
well, but what about the
benefits we were promised.
工作完成了，好倒是好，但是答应给我们的好处还给不给？
To occur in fiction.修饰things.
I m sorry I m late
,but something occurred at my
home.
不好意思我迟到了，家里发生了一些事。
5.To varying degrees, we
all have secrets
which we do not
want even our closest friends
to learn, but few of us
have skeletons in the
cupboard.
语言点1：句子结构：which
引导定语从句，修饰secrets,说明是-什么样的秘密。But 连接两个转折关系的句子，引出下文。
语言点2：to varying degrees
的意思是-在不同程度上。
语言点3：动词learn 在此不可翻译为-学习，而应理解为-知道。
扩展：to ..degree 达到某种程度
He has quit smoking to
some degree.在某种程度上他已经戒烟了。
To some degree,we have achieved
our success.
在某种程度上，我们已经取得了成功。
Varying
People need to wear clothes
according to the varying
weather.
人们应该根据不同的天气来穿衣。
Few 几乎没有
，表否定
A few 一些
，肯定
Little 几乎没有，表否定。
A little 一些
表肯定
我们中几乎没有人可以准时完成工作。
Few of us can finish the
job on time.
6.The only person I
know who has a
skeleton in the
cupboard is George Carlton,
and he is
very pound of the fact.
语言点1：句子分析：person 的后面接了两个定语从句，其中I know
的前面省去了在从句中不充当任何成分的关系代词that.
语言点：本句适合模仿写作。（双层定语从句）
写作：我所认识的唯一一个从早到晚痴迷于钓鱼的人便是比尔。
The only person I know who
is crazy about fishing day
and night is Bill.
她是我认识的唯一个会弹吉它的女孩。
She ‘s the
only girl I know who can
play the guitar.
扩展： be proud of
对...感到自豪
He is proud of his
achievements in the past six
months.
他对于自己过去六个月所取得的成就感到非常自豪。
6.George studied medicine
in his youth.
语言点：in his youth
的意思是-在他年轻时，在本句中充当时间状态。
7.Instead of becoming
a doctor, however,
he became a successful writer
of detective
stories.
语言点1：However 是转折连词，连接两个意思相反的句子。Instead
of becoming a doctor
作方式状态
，放在句首是为了强调。
语言点2：本句可以改写为：However ,he
became a successful writer of
detective stories instead of
becoming a doctor.
扩展：in stead of
代替，而不是。相当于 rather than.
The car has become necessity
instead of luxury in the
west.
在西方国家，汽车已经成为必需品而不是奢侈品。
7.I once spend an
uncomfortable weekend
which I shall never forget
at his house.
语言点：句子结构分析：which
引导定语从句，修饰weekend,说明-周末过的怎么样。
8.George showed me to
the guest
room which, he said,
was rarely used.
语言点：句子分析：which 引导定语从句，修饰guestroom. he
said 做插入语。
8.He told me to
unpack my things and then
comedown to dinner.
语言点：句子结构： to unpack mu
things 充当me的宾语补足语。
Unpack 打开行李取出
Pack 把...装入箱子。
Remember to pack your
toothbrush.
记得把牙刷放进行李。
扩展：rarely 很少地 罕有地
表否定 -hardly
几乎不scarcely
几乎不，简直不；简直没有
I can rarely remember what
happened after the
accident.
事故后，我几乎记不起来发生了什么事。
9.After I had
stacked my shirts
and underclothes in two empty
drawers, I decided
to hang
one of the tow suits
I had brought with me in
the cupboard.
1：句子分析：after
引导时间状语从句，suits后为了省略了关系代词that/which 的定语从句。
2：语言点：bring
with sb.的意思是某人随身携带。
词汇：under 下面的，不足的 underpants
内裤 underground 地下的
underline
在...下面画线 understaffed 人手不够的
underestimated
低估 undergraduate 本科生
扩展：stacked 摞
叠
Traffic stacked up for
kilometers.车辆排了几公里长。
I have stacked all the
washed
clothes.我已经把洗好的衣服都叠起来了。
Hang 悬挂
I hung my coat up on
a
hook.我把外套挂在挂钩上。
10.I opened the
cupboard door and
then stood in front of it
petrified。
1：语言点：and
并列连接主语-我-发出的两个动作。
2.形容词petrified
是充当状语。可以还原为：
I opened the cupboard door,then
stood in front of it and
I was petrified.
翻译训练：你如果在20几岁就丧失了想象力、激情和求知欲，那么你会在很年轻时死去。
If you loose the imagination
,passion and curiosity in your
twenties ,you would die
young.
扩展：The idea of
making a speech in public
petrified him.
一想到在众人面前演讲，他就吓得不知所措。
I m totally petrified when
he patted me from behind
suddenly.
当他突然从后面拍我时，我完全吓呆了。
10.A skeleton
was dangling
before my eyes.
本句用过去时was dandling 特别形象地强调 骷髅 晃来晃去的恐怖模样。
Dangle 摇摆
A kite dangles from a
telephone wire.
一只风筝悬挂在电话线上晃来晃去。
The branches of tree dangle
with the
wind.树枝随风摆动。
11.The sudden
movement of the
door made it sway
slightly and
it gave me the
impression that
it was about to leap out
at me.
语言点1：句子分析：sway slightly 是宾馆it 的补足语。That
引导定语从句，修饰impression ,说明—印象如何。
That-同位语从句。Impression-错觉（不承担任何成分）
语言点2：leap out
（跳出来）为夸张修辞格。-jump
At:带有攻击性，laugh
at ,shoot at
向…射击,aim at
针对；瞄准；目的在于
,protest at- 抗议
Sway 摇摆 摆动
His decision can sway the
minds of other people
around.
他的决定会动摇周围的人心。
Give the impression 给某人留下印象
The garden gave me a deep
impression with its
beauty.
这个花园的美丽给我留下了深刻的印象。
Be about to do 将要
马上要进行的动作
I am about to go to
the bookstore to buy some
English books.
我要去书店买几本英语书
Leap 跳跃
It is dangerous to leap
out from the driving
car.
从行驶的汽车中跳出来是十分危险的事情。
At me 朝向-人
He shouted at me
angrily.他生气地向我大吼大叫。
11.Dropping my suit, I
dashed downstairs to tell
George.
1：句子分析：dropping
my suit 是现在分词短语，做伴随状语。
2：dash
downstairs 的意思是冲下楼，注意与rush
out(冲出去)进行区别。
Dash 飞跑 快跑
I dashed out to reach the
bus.
我急匆匆地冲出去赶车。
12.This was worse than
'a terrible secret'; this was
a read skeleton!
分析：分好之后的内容为补充说明，解释-为什么骇人听闻。
12.But George was
unsympathetic.
语言点：but 引导的句子与上文的说法形容转折，引出下午George
对这件事情的不同看法。
Unsympathetic.没有同情心的
12.The rich gave an
unsympathetic look
at the poor.
富人好不同情地看着那些穷人。
12.'Oh, that,' he said
with a smile as if
he were talking about
an old friend.
分析1：That,指代上文提到的skeleton.as if
引导虚拟语气-好像在谈论一位老朋友。
分析2：said with a
smile的意思是-笑着说，with a smile 作方式状态，指的是-以笑的方式说。
As if : 从句用陈述句的情况-
表示说话者认为所述的是真实的或既有可能发生或者存在的事实。
It sounds as if it is
raining.听起来像是在下雨。
He talks as if he is
drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。
As if :从句用虚拟语气的情况
表示说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况。
从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：
1.如果从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时，
You look as if you
didn’t care.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talks as if he knew
where she was.
他说话的样子好像他知道她在哪里似的。
2.从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用-had
+过去分词。如。
He talks about Rome as if
he had been there
before.
他谈起罗马好像他以前过去罗马似的。
The girl listened as if
she had been turned to
stone.
那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。
3.从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用woul/could/might+动词原形。
He opened his mouth as if
he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么
It looks as if it might
snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
4.As if 用于省略句
如果引导的从句是 主语+系动词 结构，可省略主语+系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词、-短语 介词短语/分词。如
He acts as if he was
a fool.
He acts as if (he was)a
fool.
Tom raised his hands
as if he was going to
say something.
Tom raised his hands as if
(he was going) to say
something.
She left the room hurriedly
as if she was
angry.
She left the room hurriedly
as if (she was )
angry.
12.'That's
Sebastian. You forget
that I was a medical
student once upon a
time.'
分析1：that 引导宾语从句，说明forget的内容是什么。
分析2：once upon a
time 指的是-过去，曾经，即以前的事情。
New words and expressions
生词和短语
skeleton
n.
骷髅
remain 遗骸
mummy 木乃伊/干尸
seemingly
adv.
表面上地
[记]seem+ing(形容词后缀)+ly（副词后缀）
-似乎是那样
-表面上地
[同]
outwardly(外观上地)
apparently,显然地ostensibly,表面上；外表professedly
在表面上；公然地
He is seemingly intelligent ,but
in fact he
isn’t .
他看似聪明，其实不然。
respectable
adj.
体面的，雅观的,有声望的
[记]
respect（尊敬）+able(形容词后缀)-受人尊敬的-体面的
respectable 体面的
respectable
person/family
respectful 充满敌意的
I am respectful
to him
Respective 分别的：My parents’
salaries rise to 3000 and
5000 respectively.
[同]worshipful
崇拜的，虔诚的；尊贵的；尊敬的
well-beloved
n. 深受爱戴的人adj. 很受人爱的
He finally got a respectable
job in another city.
他最终在另外一个城市找到了份体面的工作。
conceal
v. 隐藏，隐瞒
[补]
disguise 掩饰；假装；隐瞒
hide 躲藏；. 隐藏
[辨析：conceal
和hide
都有隐藏的意思：conceal 生硬
意义较强烈，有意严密的隐藏。Hide
一般用语，可以是故意，也可以是偶然的隐藏。]前者及物动词后面一定加宾语，后者可以作及物和也可以作不及物。
He tries to conceal his
own feeling from being noticed
by others.
他试图隐藏自己的情歌一面被他人所注意到。
vivid
adj. 生动的
[补] lively
鲜活的，active 活泼的，picturesque独特的；生动的；别致的,图画般的
[反]hidebound,死板的inflexible 顽固的，starchy
刻板的，old-maidish 古板的
词根：viv-生命，生存，survive 继续存在 比...活得长久，revive
复活 苏醒 vivacious 活泼的
快活的
拓展，vividly 生动地 vividness 活泼
明亮
dramatic
adj.
令人激动的，扣人心弦的
[补]Cliff-hanging
扣人心弦的，breathtaking 摄人心魄的，eye-catching引人注目的，thrilling
毛骨悚然的
ruin
v. 毁坏
[补]spoil
损害 damage 损坏
destruct
自毁 破坏
demolish 摧毁 devastate毁灭
毁坏 shatter
捣毁
做名词：毁灭，失败，破产，倒霉的东西
不及物动词：毁灭，毁坏，弄糟，破坏
及物动词：破产，弄糟
heroine
n. 女主人公
[补] hero
男主人公，dramatis
personae 主人公（统）
Actor 男演员 actress 女演员
prince 王子 princess
公主
fiction
n. 小说
[补]fiction小说（强调虚构）novel 小说（一般为长篇）non-fiction
非小说类文学作品；纪实小说ballad民谣
sonnet十四行诗
epic 史诗
fable 寓言
saga 传说；冒险故事；英雄事迹
Varying
adj. 不同的
[记]Vary（变化，改变）+ing （形容词后缀）-不断的变化-不同的
[补]different不同的，disparate
不同的；不相干的distinct
明显有区别的，截然不同的
词汇：various 各种各样的 varying
不同的 variable 变化多端的
varied 不同的 已变的
medicine
n.
医学
[补]medic
医师 medicine
药；医学
medical 医学的
medicable
能治疗的medicament
n. 药剂
medication
药物治疗
guestroom
n.
（家庭中的）来客住房
[补] guest
house 宾馆
single room 单人间 double room
双人间 standard room 标准间
luxurious room
豪华包间 president
suite总统套房
Inn 客栈 tavern 小宾馆
caravansary
旅馆 motel 汽车旅馆
unpack
vt. （从箱中）取出
[记]un(未能，没有)+pack (包装) -使没有包装-取出
[补]undress
脱下 unbind 解开
unchain 解除
unfasten 解开unscrew
旋松开unseal
开封；开启（密封）
stack
v. （整齐地）堆放，排放
[补]pile up
堆积 deposit 存款
存放 accumulate
积累 store 储藏
underclothes
n.
内衣
[补]undergarment
内衣 briefs 三角裤
knickers
短裤 灯笼裤
bikini 比基尼
drawer
n. 抽屉
[记]draw
(拉拽)+er(表物
后缀) 可以拉拽的东西-抽屉
[补]wardrobe
衣橱 trunk 箱子（汽车车尾的行李箱）
steel safe
保险箱 bookcase 书柜
bookshelf
书架
dangle
v. 悬挂
[补]suspend
悬浮hanging
悬挂
sway摇摆
wag摇摆；摇动 wiggle
扭动
Dangle 上面有东西拴着
sway （有弹力的东西被压弯后-恢复原位的摆动）来回轻轻的不规则摇摆
swing 钟摆-来回幅度相同-一头固定一头活动
