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章振邦语法英语句子汉译:分句结构主谓结构

2020-03-07 09:18阅读：

http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/u/2011078470

章振邦语法英语句子汉译:分句结构主谓结构
英汉主谓结构比较
[1] It is high time that we took a rest.
是时候让我们稍微休息一下了。
[2] In the past two years, many new businesses have been set up in this street.
在过去两年，好多新型企业已经建到了这条街上。
[3] A new government was set up after the war.
新政府的建设是在战后。
[4] They got together in the sitting-room,
talking and laughing.
他们团聚在客厅，有说有笑。
句型的意义
SVC中，谓语动词通常是连系动词 (linking verb) 。
[1] That car is mine. 那小车是我的。
[2] She is in good health.
她是健康的。
[3] My brother has become an engineer.
我哥哥成了一名工程师。
[4] These flowers smell fragrant.
这些花闻起来好香。
[5] All the tourists seemed pleased.
所有的游人似乎都很满意。


SV中， 谓语动词通常是不及物动词 (intransitive verb) 。
[1] Iron rusts.
是铁就会生锈。
[2] Everybody laughed.
人人都笑了。
[3] The guests have arrived.
客人已经齐到了。
[4] Prices are going down.
价格在降下来。
[5] The children are sleeping.
这些孩子都在睡眠中。
SVO 中的动词又叫做“单宾语及物动词' (monotransitive verb) 。
[1] I want a return ticket.
我要一张返程票。
[2] Liverpool won the game.
利物消队赢了那场比赛。
 [3] Nobody could answer the question.
没人能够回答此类问题。
[4] The train is building up speed.
这火车正在加速。
[5] The plane is losing altitude.
飞机在降低高度。
SVoO中的动词又叫“双宾语及物动词（ditransitive verb）。
[1] I sent him an invitation to the party.
我送了他请柬，请他参加舞会。
[2] Mary lent me her car.
玛丽借给我的是她的小汽车。
[3] David showed me the way.
大为给我指了路。
[4] Someone left you this note.
有人留给了你这个便条。
[5] I made myself a cup of tea.
我沏给了自己一杯杯。
SVOC句型里面的动词又叫 “复杂宾语及物动词 ' (complex transitive verb) 。
[1] We made him our spokesman.
我们选他当发言人。
[2] They elected him president.
他们选他当总统。
[3] He pronounced himself in favour of the plan.
他说过自己支持那个计划。
[4] They painted the walls creamy white.
他们粉刷的墙壁成了乳白色。
[5] The directors appointed him sales manager.
董事们任命他为销售经理。


SVOA 句型的存在理由是状语必不可少。
[1] She speaks English fluently不是SVOA句型，而是SVO句型，因为fluently并非必不可少。
她讲英语很流利。
[2] I put the material evidence in front of him. (属于SVOA句型，in front of him 必不可少。)
我把物证摆在了他眼前。
[3] He treated her vilely. (属于SVOA句型）
他待她算是手段卑鄙。
SVA句型存在的理由也是里面的 状语必不可少。
[1] I live In Beijing. （属于SVA,因为in Beijing必不可少。）
[2] Shakespeare lived in the 16th and early 17th century. （也属于SVA句型。）
莎士比亚生活在16世纪直到17世纪。
[3] They stayed in a hotel. （也属于SVA句型。）
他们呆在酒店。
[4] The train leaves at six.（也属于SVA句型。）
这火车发车在六点。
[5] He will be flying to Shanghai.（也属于SVA句型。）
他会飞往上海。

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