章振邦语法限定词英语句子汉译:前位限定词和中位限定词及后位限定词与跨类限定词
2020-03-22 21:17阅读:
按其不同的搭配位置,限定词可分为中位限定词 (central
determiner) 、前位限定词 (predeterminer) 和后位限定词
(postdeterminer)以及跨类限定词(transclass determiners)
。
(一)中位限定词包括 a(n), the,
zero ; this,
that, these,
those ; my, your
等; Mary's, my
friend's;
some
,
any, no, every,
each,
either ,
neither, enough; what(ever),
which(ever), whose 等 。
(二) 前位限定词包括 all, both, half;
double, tw ice, th
r ee times等;
on e-third
, two-fifths等;
what
, such (a/ an)等
。
有的学者把出现在不定冠词之前的 quite 和 rather 也归入前位限定词
。 如:
I
made rather a mess of it.
我搞得一团糟的就是这个。
The warning had come as
quite a shock.
警告的到来很是令人震惊。
(摘自 Roger
Berry. Determiners &
Quantifiers.
2001)
但章振邦语法第六版仍将此种quite和 rather作副词,修饰整个名词词组
。
(三) 跨类限定词: what,
such, many
个别限定词有跨类现象,如
such 既属于前位限定词
, 又可归入后位限定词
。 由于它只是在 such
a 和
such an
... 这样的搭配中属于前位限定词,而在与其他限定词 (some,
any, no, all ,
few, another, other,
ma ny,
one, two等)搭配时, such
则是后位限定词,一律放在上述这些限定词的后面,如some such,
any
such,
no such,
few such,
one such
等,因此本书把它归入后位限定词。作为中位限定词every也有例外的情况
: 它有时可与名词属格或物主限定词连用,位千其后
。
David's /His
every action shows that he
is a very determined young
man.
大卫的
/ 他的一举一动都表明他是一个非常坚定的年轻人。
The enemy's / Their every movement
was being
closely watched by the PLA
men.
敌人
/ 他们一举一动的严密监视者正是人民解放军。
(四) 后位限定词包括 o n e,
two, t h ree等
; first, second
, third等 ; next
, last , other,
another等 ;
many,
much , (a) few,
(a) little,
fewer, (the) fewest,
less, (the) least,
more, most; several,
such
等 。
此外还有plenty
of, a lot of
, lots of, a
great number
of, a great deal of, a great /
good many,
a
large
amount of, a
great
quantity
of 等 , 其含义相当于many /
much·,
在理论上也应归入后位限定词 , 当
然在用法上与其他后位限定词还是有一些区别的。
A lot of these houses
round here have glass in the front door.
许多房子在这一带都有玻璃前门。
(五)三类限定词的搭配关系:按照“前位一中位一后位”的顺序排列
。
Half the building was in
flames. 有一半的楼层已经着火。
There is
probably some truth in both these
theories. 也许有些道理是在这两种理论里面。
All my other patients
are fine. 我的其他病人都很好。
The eyes of the
other three girls were
fixed on Alex.
那聚精会神的三个女孩的盯着亚历克斯。
I have
been writing
the thesis all these last few weeks.
我一直忙于写这篇论文,全在这最后几周。
由上述诸例可以看出
, 中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是互相排斥的,即一个名词中心词之前不可并用
两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词 。 所以,“我的那本书”不是 *my
that book
而是mine is that book (或:mine: that
book).,(虽然章振邦语法说是that book
of mine, 但信息流翻译观认为that book of
mine按信息结构,其意思是“那本书是我的。”)
因为 my 和 that 同是
中位限定词,不可并列 。
但后位限定词的使用却不受此限
。
除上述 those last few
months,
several hundred
guests 之外, his last
two books, the
first two
chapters,
three other
girls, two
more
sheets,
thenext few
weeks, many
more copies, a
few more samples,
another twenty tons 等都是后位限定词重叠使用的实例
。