章振邦语法英语句子汉译:情态动词表示预见和推测
2020-04-30 20:26阅读：
表示“预见“和“推测”
1) 表示“预见“
裘示“预见' (prediction),
即表示“单纯将来”，可用 will
/ shall +不定式,
按照18世纪以来的传统规则，
shall 用于第一人称主语
( I /
we
shall) ,
will 用于第二、三人称主语
(You /
He /
It /
They will)
都可表示“单纯将来' (pure
future), 从而认为
(I / We)
shall (You
/
He
/
It /
They)
will 就是“将来时'
(future tense)
的标记
这条传统规则，尽管反映了一定时期英格兰标准英语的用法，却未能全面地确切反映
will / shall
这一用法在所有说英语国家的适用性。除英格兰以外的说英语国家美国、新西兰、
南非的标准英语中，
shall(表示“将来')已完全为
will 所取代
，这就是说， will
可用于一切人称表示“将来”。
I will be a different person
when I live
in England.
We will have a great
time if we go to the
party.
You will be hearing
from me.
What will you
do when
the war
is over?
She'll probably last longer than
you will.
The show will
open on
Friday.
lt wii rain
tomorrow.
Will it disturb
you if
I keep the lamp
on for a bit?
在非正式语体中， will
是常用于第一人称主语表示 “将来”，尤其常用
will /
shall
缩略形式 'll,
从而进一步模糊了
will 和
shall
的界线。
I'll book a table at
Francesco's.
I'll come in after
church and
give you a hand.
'We'll be
going on later for bridge,'
she explained.
We'll go
to the party if
we are
invited.
在当代美式英语中 will
/ shall
(表示“将来')几乎全部为 will/
would 或者 'll /
'd
所取代。只有在法律文书中还常用 I
shall /
We
shall 表示“将来”，当然并不排除
shall
用于第一人称主语表示“意图”和“决心”，更不排除
shall
用于第一人称主语表示征求对方意见。
I shall never
do that again.
We shall catch the
criminals wherever they hide themselves.
Shall I help
you?
Shall we
go?
2) 表示“推测'
(assumption) , 除用
should, ought
to, must
外，还可用 will/
would。 will
表示“推测”，其口气的肯定程度仅次于
must, 若用
would,
则口气的肯定程度又次于will。
They should
/
ought
to be home by now.
(他们现在该到家了．）
They would be home by
now. (他们现在大概到家了．）
They will
be home by
now. (我估计他们现在一定到家了．）
They must be home by
now. (他们现在一定到家了．）
will/ would
表示“推测”可有三种情况：第一种是对特定事态的推测。
A: There's
someone coming upstairs.
B: That will
be Mary. (估计一定是玛丽．）
A: Who's knocking at
the door?
B: That will be the
postman. (估计一定是邮递员。）
若用 would
则口气不够肯定，但仍指现在时间。
A: Who's that
man over
there?
B: That will be
George, no doubt. (一定是乔治
B: That would be
George, I expect. (我想，大概是乔治
又例如：
She will be
all right now.
(她现在一定痊愈了。）
By now he will be
eating
dinner.（估计他在用餐．）
They will have
arrived by now. (估计他们现在已经到了．）
第二种是对某些习惯性事态的推测，用 will
指现在习惯，用 would
则指过去习惯，均不重读。
A lion will
attack a man only when hungry.
(狮子饿了才会攻击人．）
Pauline will
work all
day without
rest. (波林常常全天不停地工作。）
He'll stay in the
laboratory for
days and nights
until the experiment is
finished.
他常在实验室一待就是几个昼夜直到试验完成
Every day she'll sit there
for hours doing
nothing. (每天她总是在那里坐几小时无所事事。）
Before his
retirement he
would catch the early bus
every morning.
= Before his retirement, he used to catch
the early bus every morning.
(在他退休以前，每天早
晨总是赶早班公共汽车。）
第三种是对某些不受时限的客观过程的推测，只用will,
表示现在时间，可与一般现在时的类似用法交替使用。
Oil will float
on water.
= Oil floats on
water. (油总是浮于水面。）
Pigs will
eat anything.
=Pigs eat
anything. (猪什么都吃．）
