章振邦语法英语句子汉译:有两种形式的副词
2020-05-25 22:20阅读：
兼有两种形式的副词
有些副词有两种形式， 一是与形容词同形,
二是由该形容词加-ly
构成。 这两种不同的形式
有些含义相同，有些略有不同，
有些完全不同。
1) clean, cleanly
副词 clean
作＂径直
，完全 ”解：
The bullet went
clean through
(整个儿地穿过） his
arm.
I clean
forgot (完全忘掉）
about it.
副词 cleanly
常作“干净利落地“解：
This knife
doesn't cut
cleanly (切起来不利落）．
作“清洁地“解，读作 /kli:nlr/,
较少使用 。
2) clear,
clearly
副词 clear
作“完全地、径直地“解：
You can see
clear (一直望到）
to the
mountains
today.
The prisoner got
clear away
(逃得无影无踪）．
clear 这一用法与
clean 相同；有时可以交替使用
clear 还能作“隔开，不接触“解
例如：
Stand clear of
the gates
(离开门）
You should keep
clear of that
fellow (不要与那家伙来往）.
作其他解释时则用 clearly,
不用 clear
。例如：
Can you see
clearly
(清楚地）什om
here?
He is clearly
(显然） wrong.
但在下列结构中用 clear 和 clearly
均可：
The moon shone
clear(/y) (明亮地）．
He spoke loud(ly) and
clear(/y) (清晰地）．
cleanly
也能用作形容词，作“爱清洁的“解，读作 /'klenli/
例如：
Cats are among
the cleanliest
animals there
are.
3) close,
closely
副词 close
作“近＇解：
He lives dose to the
school.
He was
following close
behind.
作其他解释时用 closely:
Watch what I
do closely
(细心地）．
The prisoners
were closely
(严密地） guarded.
有些辞书把
close to
作双词介词处理，试比较：
She was sitting
close to(=
near) me.
4) dead,
deadly
副词 dead
作“突然地，完全地“解：
She stopped
dead.
在非正式语体中作“完全地，直接地”解：
He was dead
tired (极为疲倦）．
The wind was
dead against
us (正对着我们）．
deadly 作“死一般地”或“非常“解，例如
deadly pale
(死人似的苍白）， deadly
serious
(极端严重）， deadly
dull (极为枯燥无味）等。
deadly 也能作形容词，作“死一般的，极度的，致命的
不共戴天的”等解．例如 deadly
paleness, deadly
seriousness, a
deadlydisease
/ weapon
/ enemy /
conversation
5) direct,
directly
副词 direct
作“直线地，不绕圈子地“解：
The train goes there direct.
The next flight doesn't go direct to Rome
(不直飞罗马）； it
goes by way of Paris
(经由巴黎）．
He came direct to London.
Send them direct to me.
作“直接地”（即“间接地”的反义词）解时用
directly:
He was looking directly at me.
She answered me very directly and openly.
directly 也可作“立即”或“马上“解：
Answer me directly.
Let's meet directly after
lunch.
I'll be there
directly.
He should be there directly if you don't mind
waiting.
6) easy,
easily
easy 只在某些固定搭配中作副词：
Take it easy.
(慢慢来，别急．）
Go easy. (别急．）
Easy come,
easy go.
容易来，容易去。
Easier said than done.
容易说，难得做。
Stand easy! (稍息！）
除此以外，用 easily
例如：
I can easily finish it
today.
He is not
easily (容易）
satisfied.
That may easily be the case.
(情况很可能就是那样。）
It is easily
(无疑） the best hotel.
7) fair,
fairly
fair 在下列搭配中用作副词：
You must play fair (光明磊落）．
I hit him fair on the
nose (不偏不歪／正打在鼻子上）．
He's dealt fair
and square
(公平地） with
me.
在其他搭配中用 fairly:
He told the facts fairly.
He doesn't play the game fairly.
He was fairly beside
himself with joy
(欣喜若狂）．
也可作 quite,
rather moderately
(适度地，不过分地）等解，修饰其他形容词或副词，例如
fairly well,
fairly soon, fairly
good, fairly certain。
fair / fairly
有时也能交替使用。例如：
Being a sportsman can mean playing fair/fairly.
8) firm,
firmly
firm 在以下搭配中用作副词：
Stand m.
(站稳。）
Always hold firm (固守）
to your beliefs.
其他场合用 firmly
例如：
I firmly believe (坚信）
that.
Fix the post firmly (牢固地）
in the
ground.
9) high,
highly
high 用作副词见于下列搭配： aim
high (力争上游）， hold
one's head high (昂首），
play high
(大赌）， search
high and low
(到处搜寻）， run
high (浪大，激动），
fly high
(有雄心）等
highly 通常指抽象的“高＂。例如：
He spoke highly of
(赞扬） her.
highly (很，极，高价地）也用千修饰形容词，如
