新浪博客

章振邦语法英语句子汉译:介词用法比较

2020-06-01 23:09阅读:
章振邦语法英语句子汉译:介词用法比较
若干介词的用法比较
本节对若干语义相关的介词的用法作一比较说明。重点讲解表示时间关系和空间关系这两大类介词的用法。
1) 表示时间关系的介词
表示时间关系的介词有 at, on, by, in, from , since, for, during, till/until, before, after。


a) at, on, by, in
表示在什么时间,介词用 at, at dawn, at six, at noon, at
night, at midnight, at 4:30 。表示在什么年龄 ,也用 at,。
at sixteen/at the age of sixteen。


She got married at twenty-two. 结婚在22岁。


表示“在上、下午"、“在晚上,傍晚",介词用 in: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening。 但若在 morning, afternoon, evening 之前带有诸如 following, next, fine, cold 之类的修饰语,则介词用 on。
on a fine morning, on the following evening


如果要表示“在某日的上、下午"“在某日的晚上、夜间”,介词也用 on。 例如:
We left Hangzhou on the afternoon of October 15. 我们离开杭州时是10 月15 日下午
He called me on Sunday morning. 他给我打来电话是在星期天早晨。


如果要表示“某日上、下午"的早些时候或晚些时候,则介词通常还得用。 例如:
He phoned me in the early morning of July 4 . 给我打来电话是在七月四日大早
They arrived in the late afternoon of 20th December. 他们的到达是12 月20 日下午晚些时候


表示在什么日子,介词用 on, on Monday, on June 4, on Christmas Day (在圣诞节) 但若仅用Christmas, 不带 Day, 则说 at Christmas; 同样地, at Easter (在复活节), at the Spring Festival (在春节)要表示到什么时间、日期、时期为止,用 by, by ten, by May 4, by August, 相当于before/not later than ten o'clock/May 4/ August。 例如:
The train starts at 6:10, so you had better be at the station by 6:00. 火车 10 分开车,你到达车站最好在六点以前。
By May,my garden will be a mass of blossom. 五月份我的花园将会是繁花似锦。


在带有by-词组的句子中,谓语动词有时要用完成体形式 例如:
By the end of July I'II have read all those books. 月底前我会读完所有那些书籍。
By next summer he'll have taken his final exams. 到明年夏季,他将完成最后的考试。
By (the age of) fifteen he had mastered the English language. 到15 岁时,他已经掌握了英语。


表示在什么月份、什么季度、什么年份、什么世纪,要用 in, in October, in summer, in 2014, in the 21st century。 例如:
My daughter was born in July 1961. 我的女儿生于七月,一九六一年。
The First World War broke out in 1914 and ended in 1918 . 第一次世界大战爆发 于1914年,结束于1918。


要注意,由 in 引导的表示时间的介词词组,有时表示“在·…. 时间以内”,有时表示“在... …时间以后" 试比较:
I shall take a holiday in summer. 我打算休假选在夏天。
Don't use his car in his absence. 用他的不要在他外出期间。
I will be back in a week. 回来将在一星期后。
I will finish the book in a few days 读完此书将在几天以后。


在上述第一、二两例中, in summer/in his absence 指的是“在夏天/在他外出期间”,显然是指在此时间以内;在第三、四两例中, in a week/in a few days 则是指“在一个星期/几天以后”表示“在做什么事或发生什么事的时候",除用 when- 分句外,还可用由 on 引导的介词词组,如 on arrival/arriving, on reaching, on getting to。 例如:
On arrival / arriving at the airport he found that the plane had taken off. 到达机场时他发现飞机已经起飞了。
On hearing that the plane had taken off, they left the airport. 得知飞机已经起飞,他们就离开了机场。
On learning that there were no late buses, they decided to go to the early performance. 当他们得知没有晚班公交车时,便决定去观看早场演出。


b) from, since, for, during
笼统地表示一段时间,要用 for, for three years, for two months, for ever 例如:
He traveled in the desert for six months. 他在沙漠中旅行了六个月。
He has worked here for a year. 他已经在这里工作了一年。

如果要更具体表示一段时间,即要指明从何时到何时,那就得用 from ... to/till/until 比如:
Most people work from nine to / till the afte

我的更多文章

下载客户端阅读体验更佳

APP专享