章振邦语法英语句子汉译:介词用法比较
2020-06-01 23:09阅读:
若干介词的用法比较
本节对若干语义相关的介词的用法作一比较说明。重点讲解表示时间关系和空间关系这两大类介词的用法。
1) 表示时间关系的介词
表示时间关系的介词有 at, on,
by, in, from ,
since, for, during, till/until, before,
after。
a) at, on, by, in
表示在什么时间,介词用 at, at
dawn, at
six, at
noon, at
night, at midnight,
at 4:30
。表示在什么年龄 ,也用
at,。
at sixteen/at
the age of
sixteen。
She got married
at twenty-two.
她结婚在22岁。
表示“在上、下午"、“在晚上,傍晚",介词用 in:
in the
morning, in
the afternoon,
in the
evening。 但若在
morning, afternoon,
evening 之前带有诸如
following, next, fine,
cold
之类的修饰语,则介词用
on。
on a fine morning, on the
following evening
如果要表示“在某日的上、下午"“在某日的晚上、夜间”,介词也用
on。 例如:
We left Hangzhou
on the
afternoon of
October 15.
我们离开杭州时是10 月15
日下午。
He called me on
Sunday
morning.
他给我打来电话是在星期天早晨。
如果要表示“某日上、下午"的早些时候或晚些时候,则介词通常还得用。
例如:
He phoned me
in the
early morning
of July
4 .
他给我打来电话是在七月四日大早。
They arrived in the
late afternoon
of 20th
December.
他们的到达是在
12 月20
日下午晚些时候。
表示在什么日子,介词用 on, on
Monday, on June 4,
on Christmas Day (在圣诞节)
但若仅用Christmas,
不带 Day,
则说 at
Christmas; 同样地,
at Easter
(在复活节), at
the Spring Festival
(在春节)要表示到什么时间、日期、时期为止,用
by, by
ten, by May 4, by
August,
相当于before/not
later than ten o'clock/May
4/ August。
例如:
The train starts
at 6:10,
so you
had better
be at
the station
by 6:00.
火车 10
分开车,你到达车站最好在六点以前。
By May,my
garden will
be a
mass of
blossom.
五月份我的花园将会是繁花似锦。
在带有by-词组的句子中,谓语动词有时要用完成体形式
例如:
By the end of
July I'II
have read
all those
books.
月底前我会读完所有那些书籍。
By next summer
he'll have
taken his
final exams.
到明年夏季,他将完成最后的考试。
By (the age
of) fifteen he
had mastered
the English
language. 到15
岁时,他已经掌握了英语。
表示在什么月份、什么季度、什么年份、什么世纪,要用 in,
in October,
in summer,
in 2014,
in the
21st century。
例如:
My daughter was
born in July
1961.
我的女儿生于七月,一九六一年。
The First World
War broke out
in 1914 and
ended in
1918 . 第一次世界大战爆发
于1914年,结束于1918。
要注意,由 in
引导的表示时间的介词词组,有时表示“在·….
时间以内”,有时表示“在...
…时间以后"
试比较:
I shall take a
holiday in
summer.
我打算休假选在夏天。
Don't use his car in his
absence. 用他的不要在他外出期间。
I will
be back
in a week.
我回来将在一星期后。
I will
finish the book
in a
few days
我读完此书将在几天以后。
在上述第一、二两例中, in
summer/in his
absence
指的是“在夏天/在他外出期间”,显然是指在此时间以内;在第三、四两例中,
in a week/in a few
days
则是指“在一个星期/几天以后”表示“在做什么事或发生什么事的时候",除用
when- 分句外,还可用由
on 引导的介词词组,如
on arrival/arriving,
on reaching,
on getting
to。 例如:
On arrival / arriving at the airport he
found that the plane had taken off.
到达机场时他发现飞机已经起飞了。
On hearing that the
plane had taken off, they left the
airport.
得知飞机已经起飞,他们就离开了机场。
On learning that
there were
no late buses, they decided to
go to the early
performance.
当他们得知没有晚班公交车时,便决定去观看早场演出。
b) from, since, for, during
笼统地表示一段时间,要用
for, for
three years, for two
months, for ever。 例如:
He traveled in the
desert for six
months.
他在沙漠中旅行了六个月。
He has worked here
for a year. 他已经在这里工作了一年。
如果要更具体表示一段时间,即要指明从何时到何时,那就得用
from ...
to/till/until。 比如:
Most people work from nine to /
till the afte