祈使句 (command) 和感叹句 (exclamation)
1) 祈使句
祈使句 (command, 又叫 imperative sentence) 通常是以动词祈使式 (imperative mood) 开首,表示命令 、要求、建议、劝告等意义的特殊句式。
现代英语表示命令、指示等意义有多种多样的表达，比如可以用陈述句来表达：
I wish you'd open the window. (请求）我希望你能打开窗户。
Th
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祈使句 (command) 和感叹句 (exclamation)
1) 祈使句
祈使句 (command, 又叫 imperative sentence) 通常是以动词祈使式 (imperative mood) 开首,表示命令 、要求、建议、劝告等意义的特殊句式。
现代英语表示命令、指示等意义有多种多样的表达，比如可以用陈述句来表达：
I wish you'd open the window. (请求）我希望你能打开窗户。
Th
e colonel wants these barracks cleaned
now. (指示）上校要把这些营房打扫干净。
The senator needs you in his office immediately. (命令）参议员需要你去他的办公室，不得迟到哟！
I hope you are going to take your muddy shoes off before
也可用疑间句的形式来表达：
Would you close the door, please? (请求）你把门关上，好吗？
Could you turn the music down a little? (劝告）你能把音乐关小一点吗？
Could I see you for a moment? (boss to subordinate) (命令）我能见你一面吗？
当然也可用一种名叫“祈使句＂的特殊句式来表达：
Open the window, please.
Clean these barracks now.
Go to the senator's office immediately.
Take off you muddy shoes before you get inside.
现代英语祈使句有三种类型，分述如下。
第二人称祈使句是以听话人为祈使对象的祈使句。
Come and have dinner
Look out! There is a bus!
这种祈使句的否定形式是在句首加 Don't /
Don't be nervous!
Do not feed the animals! (动物园的告示）
Never do that again!
为使祈使句的口气缓和一些，可在句首或句尾加 please, 或在句尾增添附加问句 例如：
Please sit down.
Stop talking,please.
Lend me your penknife please, will you?
Help me with this maths problem, won't you / would you / can't you / could you?
Don't be so noisy, will
Go to the party with us, why don't
为使祈使句的口气强硬一些，可在句首加上重读的助动词 do 。例如：
'Do have a glass of sherry.
'Do stop talking!
'Do be careful of my broken leg.
有时为了强调对谁提出要求或发出指示，可将第二人称祈使对象 you 表示出来，这种 you 要重读。例如：
'You take that seat, and I'll take this one.
'You mind your own business and leave this to me!
Don't'you forget it!
Don't'you behave like that!
有时还可在 you 之后再加上一个表示“义务”的情态助动词 will, 进一步提高祈使口气的强硬度。例如：
'You will mind your own business!
This is school time.'You will wait outside the gate.
有时为了强调命令或指示对谁而发，还可在祈使句中加上呼语 (vocative) 。例如：
Stop talking, boys！
Be quiet, Tom.
Don't anybody behave like that!
这些带呼语的祈使句，其隐含的祈使对象还是 you
Jack, stand over there.
Everyone keep quiet.
b) 第一人称祈使句
如果说话人以自己为祈使对象，便可用第一人称祈使句 第一人称祈使句是以 Let 为引导词，随后跟单数第一人称代词宾格 (me)+ 不定式。
Let me try again.
Let me drive you home.
Let me think what to do next.
这种祈使句之后还可带附加问句 。例如：
Let me drive you home, shall I?
Let me have a look, can I?
如果祈使对象包括说话人和听话人在内，便可用 'Let's+ 不定式”结构 例如：
Let's stop now and finish it late.
Let's spend a day in the country.
如果要带附加问句，便须用 shall we。
Let's take a taxi, shall we?
Let's go fishing this afternoon, shall we?
第一人称祈使句的否定形式是在句首加 Don't。
Don't let me bathe you too much.
Don't let me interrupt you.
Don't let's argue about it.
Don't let's invite George to the party; he is such a bore!
如果用于正式场合，便在 Let me /
Let me not bother you too much.
Let's not say anything about it till we have the facts.
第一人称祈使句的强调形式也是在句首加上重读的助动词 do 。例如：
'Do let me have a look!
'Do let's stop arguing!
c) 第三人称祈使句
第三人称祈使句也是以 Let 为引导词，随后跟第三人称代词宾格（或名词词组）＋不定式，它的结构模式是： Let him /
Let bygones be bygones. (既往不咎．）
Let the boys clear up this mess.
Let the guards be armed.
Don't let him disturb us.
Don't let anyone shirk his
要注意，'Let him /
Let him come with us, mother; I'll take care of him.= Please allow him to come with us; ..
Let her go with you, will you?
2） 感叹句
感叹句 (exclamation, 又叫exclamatory sentence) 是一种特殊的表达强烈感情的句式。表示强烈感情，有多种多样的手段。分述如下：
a) What- 型和 How-型的感叹句
这是比较常见的感叹句形式，通常用低降调；有时为了表达更强烈的感清，也可用高降调。例如：
'What a relief!
'How ridiculous !
What an ex'traordinary 'thing to do!
The'best of luck to you!
b) 问句型的感叹句
问句型的感叹句 (interrogative exclamation) 通常用低降调，常见与否定结构。例如：
'Aren't they lovely!
'Wasn't it'absolutely
'Would you believe it！
Isn 't he ,kind！
问句型的感叹句有时只由一个感叹词构成，主要用高升调。例如：
A:'Joan's'back.
B:'Oh?
A:'Sheila's'passed her e'xam.
B:'Really?
A:'Fanny's'going on a sa'fari.
B:'What?
c) 重复感叹句
重复感叹句 (echo exclamation) 通常用高降调，表示惊讶、怀疑等强烈感情。例如：
A: I'm'going to'London for holiday.
B:To London!'That's not 'my idea of a ,rest.
A: What a'beautiful day!
B:'Beautiful day! You must be
d)such /so型感叹句
此类感叹句一般也都用降调，表示惊讶、赞美、厌恶等感情。例如：
We've had such a ,good ,time!
It was such a ,long time a,go!
lf 'only I 'hadn't been so'careless!
The 'garden looks so lovely to,day!
The senator needs you in his office immediately. (命令）参议员需要你去他的办公室，不得迟到哟！
I hope you are going to take your muddy shoes off before
也可用疑间句的形式来表达：
Would you close the door, please? (请求）你把门关上，好吗？
Could you turn the music down a little? (劝告）你能把音乐关小一点吗？
Could I see you for a moment? (boss to subordinate) (命令）我能见你一面吗？
当然也可用一种名叫“祈使句＂的特殊句式来表达：
Open the window, please.
Clean these barracks now.
Go to the senator's office immediately.
Take off you muddy shoes before you get inside.
现代英语祈使句有三种类型，分述如下。
第二人称祈使句是以听话人为祈使对象的祈使句。
Come and have dinner
Look out! There is a bus!
这种祈使句的否定形式是在句首加 Don't /
Don't be nervous!
Do not feed the animals! (动物园的告示）
Never do that again!
为使祈使句的口气缓和一些，可在句首或句尾加 please, 或在句尾增添附加问句 例如：
Please sit down.
Stop talking,please.
Lend me your penknife please, will you?
Help me with this maths problem, won't you / would you / can't you / could you?
Don't be so noisy, will
Go to the party with us, why don't
为使祈使句的口气强硬一些，可在句首加上重读的助动词 do 。例如：
'Do have a glass of sherry.
'Do stop talking!
'Do be careful of my broken leg.
有时为了强调对谁提出要求或发出指示，可将第二人称祈使对象 you 表示出来，这种 you 要重读。例如：
'You take that seat, and I'll take this one.
'You mind your own business and leave this to me!
Don't'you forget it!
Don't'you behave like that!
有时还可在 you 之后再加上一个表示“义务”的情态助动词 will, 进一步提高祈使口气的强硬度。例如：
'You will mind your own business!
This is school time.'You will wait outside the gate.
有时为了强调命令或指示对谁而发，还可在祈使句中加上呼语 (vocative) 。例如：
Stop talking, boys！
Be quiet, Tom.
Don't anybody behave like that!
这些带呼语的祈使句，其隐含的祈使对象还是 you
Jack, stand over there.
Everyone keep quiet.
b) 第一人称祈使句
如果说话人以自己为祈使对象，便可用第一人称祈使句 第一人称祈使句是以 Let 为引导词，随后跟单数第一人称代词宾格 (me)+ 不定式。
Let me try again.
Let me drive you home.
Let me think what to do next.
这种祈使句之后还可带附加问句 。例如：
Let me drive you home, shall I?
Let me have a look, can I?
如果祈使对象包括说话人和听话人在内，便可用 'Let's+ 不定式”结构 例如：
Let's stop now and finish it late.
Let's spend a day in the country.
如果要带附加问句，便须用 shall we。
Let's take a taxi, shall we?
Let's go fishing this afternoon, shall we?
第一人称祈使句的否定形式是在句首加 Don't。
Don't let me bathe you too much.
Don't let me interrupt you.
Don't let's argue about it.
Don't let's invite George to the party; he is such a bore!
如果用于正式场合，便在 Let me /
Let me not bother you too much.
Let's not say anything about it till we have the facts.
第一人称祈使句的强调形式也是在句首加上重读的助动词 do 。例如：
'Do let me have a look!
'Do let's stop arguing!
c) 第三人称祈使句
第三人称祈使句也是以 Let 为引导词，随后跟第三人称代词宾格（或名词词组）＋不定式，它的结构模式是： Let him /
Let bygones be bygones. (既往不咎．）
Let the boys clear up this mess.
Let the guards be armed.
Don't let him disturb us.
Don't let anyone shirk his
要注意，'Let him /
Let him come with us, mother; I'll take care of him.= Please allow him to come with us; ..
Let her go with you, will you?
2） 感叹句
感叹句 (exclamation, 又叫exclamatory sentence) 是一种特殊的表达强烈感情的句式。表示强烈感情，有多种多样的手段。分述如下：
a) What- 型和 How-型的感叹句
这是比较常见的感叹句形式，通常用低降调；有时为了表达更强烈的感清，也可用高降调。例如：
'What a relief!
'How ridiculous !
What an ex'traordinary 'thing to do!
The'best of luck to you!
b) 问句型的感叹句
问句型的感叹句 (interrogative exclamation) 通常用低降调，常见与否定结构。例如：
'Aren't they lovely!
'Wasn't it'absolutely
'Would you believe it！
Isn 't he ,kind！
问句型的感叹句有时只由一个感叹词构成，主要用高升调。例如：
A:'Joan's'back.
B:'Oh?
A:'Sheila's'passed her e'xam.
B:'Really?
A:'Fanny's'going on a sa'fari.
B:'What?
c) 重复感叹句
重复感叹句 (echo exclamation) 通常用高降调，表示惊讶、怀疑等强烈感情。例如：
A: I'm'going to'London for holiday.
B:To London!'That's not 'my idea of a ,rest.
A: What a'beautiful day!
B:'Beautiful day! You must be
d)such /so型感叹句
此类感叹句一般也都用降调，表示惊讶、赞美、厌恶等感情。例如：
We've had such a ,good ,time!
It was such a ,long time a,go!
lf 'only I 'hadn't been so'careless!
The 'garden looks so lovely to,day!