并列结构和并列句
1) 并列结构的类型
两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同，并由并列连词 (coordinator) 或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列叫做”并列结构' (coordinate structure)。并列结构分为不同的层次，它可以是词和词的并列：
knife and fork
buy or sell
good but expensive
也可以是词组和词组的并列：
a teacher
one way
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并列结构和并列句
1) 并列结构的类型
两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同，并由并列连词 (coordinator) 或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列叫做”并列结构' (coordinate structure)。并列结构分为不同的层次，它可以是词和词的并列：
knife and fork
buy or sell
good but expensive
也可以是词组和词组的并列：
a teacher
one way
or the other
with strength but without confidence
也可以是分句和分句的并列：由两个或两个以上并列分句构成的句子叫做并列句
The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name (is) Keith.
The children can go with us or they can stay at home.
This sentence may be correct grammatically, but a native speaker never
Mary is a nurse, her brother is a doctor, and her parents are both famous writers.
一串平行的句子，不带并列连词，但语义相关，结构相同，也可归入并列句之列。例如：
We were discussing where to go for the holiday: some wanted to go to the seaside; some liked to
此类并列结构叫做“不带连词的并列结构' (asyndetic coordination) ; 那常见的并列结构便叫“带连词的并列结构' (syndetic
2)
由上述诸例可以看出，由两个以上项目构成的并列结构通常只在最后一个项目之前用并列连词，其他项目之间仅用逗号连接。又例如：
There are five types of discharge from military service (退役）： honorable, general, undesirable, bad
At diploma mills (文凭制造厂） throughout the states you can buy a bachelor's degree (学士学位）
但也有全用连词的，两个以上项目全用连词连接起来的并列结构，在修辞色彩上给人以悠闲缓慢、延续持久的感觉。例如：
Raising vegetables presents endless opportunities for weeding and thinning and hoeing and
相反地，有时也可全用逗号，这就在修辞色彩上给人以紧张、急促、明快、利落的感觉。例如：
Individuals are less toubled by feelings of gu when they share responsibility for things with a
有时，在一个句子中有两个并列结构，其一全用逗号，另一全用连词，这样处理是为了达到上述两种修辞效果。例如：
In the country there
除了逗号，分号（；）和冒号(:)也能起并列连词的作用 一般说来，用分号连接两个并列分句，通常表示一种对比关系。例如：
Golf demands the best of time and space; tennis, the best of personal energy.
After
He was caught: behind him was a locked door
在某些连接性状语 (Conjunct) accordingly, furthermore, hence, however, nevertheless, therefore等之前通常要用分号，而不用逗号，因为这些词项是副词，而不是连词。
He had worked in the foreign service for
om a running start Pedro launched his body into a vigorous acing dive; however, he was about
thirty feet from the pool at the time.
Nations indeed seem to have a kind of biological span like human life, from rebellious youth,
through caution, to decay; consequently, predictions of doom are not uncommon.
用冒号连接两个并列分句，通常表示下文是对上文的解释和发挥。
A house with an aging furnace costs more than the asking price suggests: ten dollars more a
Hijackers and kidnappers
3)
不论是由两个或两个以上项目构成的并列结构，都可在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语，从而使这个项目处于更加突出的地位。例如：
The conference on nuclear energy was attended by students from Stanford
Donna was happy with her achievement but, after three days of intense competition, tired from the
Keith spends Saturday night walking down the street or, when the cops are after him, running
John Frankenheimer has directed action movies (导演动作片） such as 'The Manchurian
4)
如果一个并列结构由四个或四个以上项目构成，常用成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。
Only a few cities are known as 'good baseball towns' - Cincinnati, Detroit, Chicago, Boston, Los
上述六个并列项目可以重新组合为三个平行的并列结构：
Only a f
with strength but without confidence
也可以是分句和分句的并列：由两个或两个以上并列分句构成的句子叫做并列句
The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name (is) Keith.
The children can go with us or they can stay at home.
This sentence may be correct grammatically, but a native speaker never
Mary is a nurse, her brother is a doctor, and her parents are both famous writers.
一串平行的句子，不带并列连词，但语义相关，结构相同，也可归入并列句之列。例如：
We were discussing where to go for the holiday: some wanted to go to the seaside; some liked to
此类并列结构叫做“不带连词的并列结构' (asyndetic coordination) ; 那常见的并列结构便叫“带连词的并列结构' (syndetic
2)
由上述诸例可以看出，由两个以上项目构成的并列结构通常只在最后一个项目之前用并列连词，其他项目之间仅用逗号连接。又例如：
There are five types of discharge from military service (退役）： honorable, general, undesirable, bad
At diploma mills (文凭制造厂） throughout the states you can buy a bachelor's degree (学士学位）
但也有全用连词的，两个以上项目全用连词连接起来的并列结构，在修辞色彩上给人以悠闲缓慢、延续持久的感觉。例如：
Raising vegetables presents endless opportunities for weeding and thinning and hoeing and
相反地，有时也可全用逗号，这就在修辞色彩上给人以紧张、急促、明快、利落的感觉。例如：
Individuals are less toubled by feelings of gu when they share responsibility for things with a
有时，在一个句子中有两个并列结构，其一全用逗号，另一全用连词，这样处理是为了达到上述两种修辞效果。例如：
In the country there
除了逗号，分号（；）和冒号(:)也能起并列连词的作用 一般说来，用分号连接两个并列分句，通常表示一种对比关系。例如：
Golf demands the best of time and space; tennis, the best of personal energy.
After
He was caught: behind him was a locked door
在某些连接性状语 (Conjunct) accordingly, furthermore, hence, however, nevertheless, therefore等之前通常要用分号，而不用逗号，因为这些词项是副词，而不是连词。
He had worked in the foreign service for
om a running start Pedro launched his body into a vigorous acing dive; however, he was about
thirty feet from the pool at the time.
Nations indeed seem to have a kind of biological span like human life, from rebellious youth,
through caution, to decay; consequently, predictions of doom are not uncommon.
用冒号连接两个并列分句，通常表示下文是对上文的解释和发挥。
A house with an aging furnace costs more than the asking price suggests: ten dollars more a
Hijackers and kidnappers
3)
不论是由两个或两个以上项目构成的并列结构，都可在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语，从而使这个项目处于更加突出的地位。例如：
The conference on nuclear energy was attended by students from Stanford
Donna was happy with her achievement but, after three days of intense competition, tired from the
Keith spends Saturday night walking down the street or, when the cops are after him, running
John Frankenheimer has directed action movies (导演动作片） such as 'The Manchurian
4)
如果一个并列结构由四个或四个以上项目构成，常用成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。
Only a few cities are known as 'good baseball towns' - Cincinnati, Detroit, Chicago, Boston, Los
上述六个并列项目可以重新组合为三个平行的并列结构：
Only a f