章振邦语法英语句子汉译:自由间接引语
2020-07-15 08:46阅读：
在英语的实际使用中，直接引语和间接引语往往以混合的形式出现，这就是自由间接引语
(free indirect speech)
和自由直接引
(free direct speech)
这两类引语分别是间接引语和直接引语的变体，带有上述两种引语的结构特征。
自由间接引语
自由间接引语是直接引语和间接引语的混合形式之一。它基本上是间接引语：它不用引号，动词时间往过去推移，人称代词、指示代词、某些限定词、时间状语和地点状语等要做相应的改变，这些都和一般的间接引语相同
但是，自由间接引语同时又保留着直接引语的某些特征，如不用引述分句，即便使用，也往往放在括号内。试比较：
Blake said, 'I've to think
it
SPAN> before I can
decide.' (直接引语）
Mr Blake said
(that) he had
to think it
over before he could
decide. (间接引语）
He had to think
it over (muttered
Mr Blake) before
he could decide.
(自由间接引语）
自由间接引语具有双重叙事视点
它一方面保留了表现被引述人物的主体意识和个人特征的话语，叙述生动直接；另一方面，人称的变化、时体的后移、引述分句的省略等又时时让人感到叙述者的介入、体会到其观点和态度。
下面是遭丈夫遗弃、饱受苦难的苔丝面对杜伯维尔的引诱和嘲笑时爆发出的一段内心活动，从中可以看出苔丝压抑已久的不满和委屈，同时也可以感知作者对苔丝深深的同情。
Tess remained where
she was a long
while, till a
sudden rebellious sense
of injustice caused
the region of
her eyes to swell with
the rush of hot
tears thither.
Her husband, Angel Clare
himself, had, like
others, dealt out
hard measure to
her - surely he
had! She had
never before admitted
such a
thought,·but he
had, surely! Never in
her life - she
could swear it from
the bottom of her
soul - had she
ever intended to do
wrong; yet these
hard judgments had
come. Whatever her
sins, they
were not sins of
intention, but
of inadvertence,
and why should
she have been
punished
so persistently?
(— Thomas Hardy:
Tess of the d'Urbervilles)
