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章振邦语法英语句子汉译:分句替代词用法

2020-07-24 08:15阅读:
章振邦语法英语句子汉译:分句替代词用法
分句替代词的用法
分句替代词 so / not 所取代的 that- 分句通常带有不甚确定的含义,既不肯定,也不否定,所以 so / not 常与 I'm afraidbelieve, expect, fear, guess, hope, suppose, think等词语搭配。在能作转移否定的结构中,以用 don't think so,
I don't suppose so 更加自然。在表示明显肯定口气或者怀疑口气的简短反应中,通常不用 so/ not。例如:
A: Are the girls coming to the party? 女孩们来参加聚会吗?
B: l'm sure they are/ I'm sure of it. 肯定会。
I doubt if they are / I doubt it. 无法肯定。
在上述答语中,不可以说 * I'm sure so/ not. * I doubt so / not 基于相同的理由,通常也不说 *I know so/ not。


分句替代词 so 还可以和某些表示说话的动词连用,而 not 通常不这样用。例如:
A: The Yankees (美国人) will win the game. 美国人将赢得这场比赛。
B: All my friends say so. 所有我的朋友都说是这样的。


A: How do you know that he's leaving soon? 你怎么知道他会走得很快?
B: He told me so. 他告诉过我。


A: Your father and mine we great friends when they were young. 你父亲和我父亲是朋友时都年轻。
B: I have been told so. 听说是这样


在上述诸例中,通常不用 not 与 say, tell 等动词搭配,除非主语是作类指的人称代词。例如:
A: Are the Yankees a very strong team? 洋基人是支强队吗?
B: No, they say not. 并非如此,他们说不行。


分句替代词 not 可与 perhaps, possibly, probably, certainly, sure 等表示情态意义的副词搭配,构成某些缩略句。例如:
A: Is your brother going with you? 你哥哥会和你一起去吗?
B: Perhaps not. (= Perhaps he is not going with me.) 可能不会。


A: Will Mary come to the party tomorrow?玛丽来参加的聚会是明天吗?
B: Possibly not. (= It is possible that she won't come.) 可能不是。


A: Will you waste your time and money on that? 你会把时间和金钱浪费在这上面吗?
B: Certainly not. (= Certainly I will not do it.) 当然不会。


A: Does she really know him? 她真的认识他吗?
B: Surely not. (= Surely she does not know him.) 当然不。


在上述结构中,通常不用 so。 此外, not 还可与 why 搭配,构成缩略疑问句 Wh not 。 例如:
A: I didn't stop him. 我没阻止他。
B: Why not? (= Why didn't you stop him?)为什么不?
在上述结构中,用 so 则比较少见。

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