读《瓦尔登湖》翻译(八)
2018-09-30 21:55阅读:
But men labor under a mistake. The better part of the
man is soon plowed into the soil for compost. By a seeming fate,
commonly called necessity, they are employed, as it says in an old
book, laying up treasures which moth and rust will corrupt and
thieves break through and steal. It is a fool's life, as they will
find when they get to the end of it, if not before. It is said that
Deucalion and Pyrrha created men by throwing stones over their
heads behind them: Inde genus durum sumus,
experiensque laborum,
Et documenta damus qua simus origine nati.
Or, as Raleigh rhymes it in his sonorous way,
'From thence our kind hard-hearted is, enduring pain and
care,
Approving that our bodies of a stony nature
are.'
So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle,
throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing
where they fell.
人可是在一个大错 底下 劳
动的啊。人的健美的 躯体 , 大半 很快地被犁头耕了过去,化为泥土中的
肥料 。像一本经书里说的,一种 似是而非 的,
通称“必然 ”的命运支配了人,他们所积累的财富,被飞蛾和锈霉再腐蚀掉,并且招来了
胠
箧的盗贼。这是一个愚蠢的生命,生前或者不明白,到临终,人们终会明白的,据说,杜卡利盎和彼尔在创造人类时,是拿石头扔到背后去。诗云:
Inde genus
durum sumus , experiensque
laborum ,
Et doeumenta
damus qua simus origine
nati.
后来,罗利也吟咏了两句响亮的诗:
“从此人心坚硬,任劳任怨,
证明我们的身体本是岩石。”
真是太盲目地遵守错误的神示了,把石头从头顶扔到背后去,也不看一看它们坠落到什么地方去。
“ under
”译为“底下”,有点像“树底下”,“桌底下”,有点太实了。这里应该是说“人们需要劳作的理由其实是个错误”。
“ better part
”译为“健美的躯体”也太实了。随着耕耘而埋入地下的是人的躯体吗?这里的“ part
”指人生活的时光似更恰当些。
“ as it says in an old book
”作为插入语,说明《圣经》上的话应该只是这插入语之后的部分,即“ laying up
treasures which moth and rust will corrupt and thieves break
through and steal
”,不该包括这入语之前的这之前是梭罗说的。翻译时若把这插入语放在句子开头,那就是说,下面全是圣经上的话。《圣经》上说“
Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth
and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. But store
up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moth and rust do not
destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal. For where
your treasure is, there your heart will be also.
”这里说得很清楚。人们劳作,其理由是生活必需( necessity
),这听上去好像有道理,其实却不是这样的这大概就是梭罗说的“ seeming
”。人们终日劳作积聚财富,结果是供虫吃锈蚀窃贼偷,到死时才醒悟这种生活太愚蠢了。据说,大洪水后,人类只剩下
Deucalion 和 Pyrrha
两人,他们遵照神谕造人,他们也太盲从了:只向身后扔石头,却不问石头落在了何处?
人们听从所谓命运的摆布,不去思考,岂不也是盲从?
表达“招来窃贼”之意而用上“胠箧”一词,我以为极不合适。即使“ break
through
”恰巧就是“从旁边撬开箱子”,用偏僻的“胠箧”也不利于读者理解。梭罗的文章讲述的哲理本来就不容易理解,不应当在文字上再增加理解难度。
(戴欢译) 但人们的劳作可谓是一个大错误了!人 身上
的精华部分顷刻之间就被铁犁翻耕进泥土中,化为了混合肥料。人们的劳作,受着一种 若有若无
的、人们通常称之为“必然”的命运的驱使。诚如一本经书中所说的:人们经过劳作,积攒起众多财宝,又遭虫蛀锈蚀,最终又招引来盗贼将它们
毁损和 偷窃一空。这是一幕愚不可及的人生, 倘若
生前迷糊,人之将死时终会清醒明了。据说,丢卡利翁和皮拉奉神谕将石头从头顶抛在他们的身后, 又创造了人类
,有诗为证:
“从此人类成为坚韧之物,
历尽千辛万苦,
我们源自何处得以求证。”
另外,罗利也铿锵有力地咏叹了他的如下诗句:
“从此人类的心地坚硬如斯,
强忍着苦痛和烦忧,
显示我们的躯体源于岩石。”
将许多石块由头顶扔到身后,也不转身去看看它们落到了哪里。对这么一个相当 失策的
神谕,我们的祖先竟是如此地盲从。