外刊精读day14|盘点疫情新闻中“爆发上升”的几个表达
2020-04-30 13:18阅读:
疫情“爆发式上升”的几个表达
本文介绍一些最近我在阅读外刊时,其中频繁出现的,有关疫情”爆发”上升”的一些同义词。

“The
flare-up came as
state officials announced 1,980 new known cases of COVID-19 Monday
and 50 additional deaths.
1、flare-up原意是火焰烧起来,引申为指疾病疼痛或激烈情绪爆发
(a
sudden outburst or intensification;a sudden outburst of or increase
in the symptoms of a disease or condition)如
a
flare-up of tension between the ten sides 双方剑拔弩张
a flare-up in her arthritis.她的关节炎突然加重
讲述希特勒人生最后12天的电影《帝国的毁灭》中有这有这样一句话:

这句话的翻译是“谁对我们做了这样的事,他们自己也会惹火上身。”PS
这部片中的希特勒不再是那个咆哮的煽动者,被塑造成了轻声细语的“做梦人”。
flare
做名词是“火焰,照明灯”之义,做复数也有“喇叭样式”之义如
a pair of
flares一条喇叭裤,
a flared skirt喇叭裙
2、epidemic
流行病,泛滥,蔓延
(an outbreak of disease
that spreads quickly and affects many individuals at the same
time) 如
the outbreak of a flu epidemic
流感的爆发
电影《消失的爱人》,有一场景——人们八卦聊天说,亲属谋杀是孕妇第三大死因时有一句:

这是一种流行。
3、pandemic
大流行病(an outbreak of a disease that occurs
over a wide geographic area and affects an exceptionally high
proportion of the population)如“
The coronavirus
pandemic poses challenges to the candidates and their operatives
unlike any ever seen or even anticipated”pose challenge to
给……带来威胁
pandemic和epidemic的区别是,pandemic是全球性质的,epidemic是地区性质的,两者只是传播程度的不同。4、outbreak
爆发(a sudden rise in the incidence of a
disease)outbreak除了可以形容疾病,还可形容战争、天气,注意都是不好的事情的“爆发”outbreak与pandemic
epidemic的区别是,outbreak强调伊始的“爆发”,爆发后经过传播,才会形成epidemic。疫情的爆发在新闻中常用“coronavirus
outbreak'如下图
an outbreak of
typhoid 伤寒的爆发
Outbreaks of rain are expected in
the afternoon. 下午将有暴雨。
Last weekend saw further
thundery outbreaks.上周末仍然雷声不断。
5、blow
up 爆发, 发火,夸大
I'm sorry I blew up at
you...对不起,我对你发脾气了
Newspapers blew up the
story.报纸对此事的报道言过其实了。
关于blow其实还有另几个词组blow
out 吹灭熄灭,新闻中还有用作对病毒的“消灭”之义
blow over
平息,消散=
blow away 
“
blow the
bugle” 吹响号角
6、burst
爆发,爆裂
( to break open or apart,
especially because of pressure from inside; to make sth break in
this way)新闻中惯用表达是
a burst of

再如4月25日经济学人的文章
《After
the disease, the debt》中有一句
Some economists worry, that once the virus abates, a
price-and-interest-rate spiral could get under way as a burst of
demand runs up against supply chains that have been wrecked by the
pandemic
这句的翻译是:一些经济学家担心,由于需求激增,而供应链已经被疫情破坏,一旦病毒消退,价格和利率的螺旋式上升可能会发生。
a burst of
demand需求激增
abate
减弱,减退,例
The storm showed no signs of
abating. 暴风雨没有减弱的迹象。同义词有
die away, let
upspiral
原义为“螺旋式”,引申为“逐渐加速(上升/下降)”,如
the upward
/ downward spiral of sales日渐上升/下降的销售额
wreck
受到严重损伤、破坏,如
The weather wrecked all our
plans. 天气把我们的计划全都毁了。还有一个惯用短语是
burst the
bubble
泡沫破裂,在描述疫情对经济的影响时,常用。也可形容使某人希望破灭,毁掉某人的幸福。如下图两条新闻:
7、outpouring
爆发,迸发、倾泻,喷涌,多用于形容情绪,如下图新闻
8、Swell
增加,增大,扩大
9、sour
急升、猛增例句:也是在本期4月25日期《经济学人》文章《After the
disease, the debt》中有一句
“Public borrowing in the rich world is set to
soar to levels last
seen amid the rubble and smoke of 1945. As the economy falls into
ruins, governments are writing millions of cheques to households
and firms in order to help them survive lockdowns. ”
'rubble and smoke of
1945',直译是1945年的碎石与浓烟,这里就是二战的另一种表述。此外,这里需要了解的一段历史就是:在二战时期,美国债务总额占GDP的100%,债务水平达到历史最高,之后有所下降直接翻译:在发达地区,政府债务水平将会飙升至最近一次1945年二战时期(最高点)

“疫情当下,继续往前走,就是最好的自救方式”
以上就是今日分享,希望大家喜欢