论文文内夹注和参考文献标注
2012-03-03 18:04阅读：
文内夹注
1.
一位作者的一篇文献，姓氏未出现在正文内，姓氏应标出，如：
Human beings have been described as
“symbol-using animals” (Burke 1966: 3).
This point has been argued
before (Frye 2001: 178-85).
注意：句号在括号后面。
2.
一位作者的一篇文献，姓氏出现在正文内的，夹注内不重复姓氏，如：
Frye has argued this point
elsewhere (2001: 178-85).
Yu
le (1996b: 100) also stated that …
3.
同一作者同一年内出版的多篇文献，在不同夹注的相同年份后加“a”、“b”等，以示区别。加“a”、“b”等的依据是该作者同一年出版的文献在“参考文献”中按出版月份排列的前后位置，即排在前面的加“a”，排在后面的加“b”，以此类推。如：
For example, when expressing an
opinion a woman would probably say: Well, em, I think that golf is
kind of boring, don’t you? (Yule 1996a: 89).
Yule (1996b: 100) also stated
that …
4.
夹注中包含同一作者的多篇文献，各文献之间用逗号隔开：
Halliday stated (1985a, 1985b)
that …
5.
夹注中包含不同作者的多篇文献，各作者之间用分号隔开：
Foreign researchers (Halliday
and Hasan 1985a, 1985b; Schiffrin 1987; Hubbard 1989) are among
those who contribute greatly in this field.
6.
多位作者的一篇文献：
Smythe and Jones (2001) found
…
… as has been
shown (Smythe and Jones 2001) …
This procedure means that
“after a relatively fast translation of the whole text, the
translator should spend some time reading through the whole TLT and
make corrections and improvements until he or she is quite
satisfied with it” (谭卫国and蔡龙权 2005: 36-7).
Modern literary studies have
their origin in classic studies (Graff et al. 1995:
19-35).
注意：作者为两人的，两人姓氏中间加and；作者为三人以上的，在第一位作者的姓氏后加上et
al.，省略其余作者姓氏。也可列出全部作者的姓氏，如（Yule, Graff and Boswell
1880）。作者姓氏之间用逗号，最后一位作者姓氏前用“and”。无论用哪种方法，全文要统一。
7.
转引，即引自第二手资料，加“quoted in”：
Samuel Johnson admitted that
Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (quoted in Boswell 1980:
450).
注意：Boswell的有关信息必须出现在参考文献内。
8.
连续引用同一文献，用“ibid.”标出，表示出处同上。如：(Ibid.:
15)，表示与刚才引用的文献相同，但页码不同。页码也相同的只标 (Ibid.)。要注意的是，连续引用不同于重复引用。在多次引用同一文献时，中间没有对其他文献的引用，才属于连续引用，才能使用“ibid.”。
9.
较长的引文：40个英语词以上的引文，单独为一段，左边缩进2个Tab键的距离，右边也缩进相同的距离。字体为斜体，字号不变。也可以字体不变，但字号小一号。
The European colonials sought
to enforce systematically the acculturation of the
natives:
The casualness of the fur
trading type of contacts could no longer be tolerated. Hence, with
the arrival of the missionaries and their Christian ethic the task
of converting the natives began, and peaceful penetration entered a
new phase, based upon an institutionalized mode of cultural
dismemberment. (La Violette 1961: 302-3)
注意：单独成段的引文不用引号，文内夹注紧随其后（即不换行）。引文结束的句号在括号之前，这一点跟较短的引文不同。
10.
文学作品的文内夹注：引文来自诗歌等韵文时，可以篇次和行次代替标注中的页码；引文来自剧本等文献时，以幕次、场次和行次代替页码。详细要求可参考《MLA科研论文写作规范（第五版）》（[英]吉巴尔蒂著，上海外语教育出版社2001年7月出版及其后版本）的有关部分。
Bibliography各项内容书写格式说明
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作者超过两人的，也都要写全。各作者之间加逗号，最后一位作者之前加“and”。
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书名主标题，各实词首字母大写。副标题，除第一个词首字母大写、专有名词首字母大写外，其他词全部小写。
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不出现在文献首的人名，姓名均不颠倒。名以写全为宜，也可缩写；姓必须写全。
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上网获取文献的时间，前面加 “Retrieved”
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