A tale, usually inserted into the text of a sermon that illustrates
a moral principle.
44. Exposition(解释说明)
(1) That part of a narrative or drama in which important background
information is revealed. (2) It is the kind of writing that is
intended primarily to present information. Exposition is one of the
major forms of discourse. The most familiar form it takes is in
essays. Exposition is also that part of a play in which important
background information is revealed to the audience.
45. Fable(寓言)
A fable is a short story, often with animals as its characters,
which illustrate a moral.
46. Figurative language(比喻语言)
Language that is not intended to be interpreted in a literal sense.
By appealing to the imagination, figurative language provides new
ways of looking at the world. Figurative language consists of such
figures of speech as hyperbole, metaphor, metonymy,
oxymoron(矛盾修饰法), personification, simile, and synecdoche.
47. Figure of speech(修辞特征)
A word or an expression that is not meant to be interpreted in a
literal sense. The most common kinds of figures of speech—simile,
metaphor, personification, and metonymy—involve a comparison
between unlike things.
48. Foil(衬托)
A character who sets off another character by contrast.
49. Foot(脚注)
It is a rhythmic unit, a specific combination of stressed and
unstressed syllables.
50. Hyperbole(夸张)
A figure of speech using exaggeration, or overstatement, for
special effect.
51. Iamb(抑扬格)
It is the most commonly used foot in English poetry, in which an
unstressed syllable comes first, followed by a stressed
syllable.
52. Image(影像)
We usually think with words, many of our thoughts come to us as
pictures or imagined sensations in our mind. Such imagined pictures
or sensations are called images.
53. Incremental repetitio(递增重复)
The repetition of a
previous line, or lines but with a slight variation each time that
advances the narrative stanza by stanza. This device is commonly
used in ballads.
54. In medias res(中间部分)
A technique of plunging
into the middle of a story and only later using a flashback to tell
what has happened previously. In medias res is Latin for “in the
middle of things”.
55. Inversion(倒置)
The technique of reversing, or inverting, the normal word order of
a sentence. Writers may use inversion to create a certain tone or
to emphasize a particular word or idea. A poet may invert a line so
that it fits into a particular meter or rhyme scheme.
56. Invocation(祈祷)
At the beginning of an epic (or other poem) a call to a muse, god,
or spirit for inspiration.
57. Kenning(代称)
In Old English poetry, an elaborate phrase that describes persons,
things, or events in a metaphorical and indirect way.
58. Melodrama(通俗剧)
A drama that has stereotyped characters, exaggerated emotions, and
a conflict that pits an all-good hero or heroine against an
all-evil villain. The good characters always win and the evil ones
are always punished. Also, each character in a melodrama had a
theme melody, which was played each time he or she made an
appearance on stage.
59. Metaphor(暗喻)
A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things that
are basically dissimilar. Unlike simile, a metaphor does not use a
connective word such as like, as, or resembles in making the
comparison.
60. Metonymy(转喻)
A figure of speech in which something very closely associated with
a thing is used to stand for or suggest the thing itself.
61. Miracle play(奇迹剧)
A popular religious drama of medi England. Miracle plays were based
on stories of the saints or on sacred history.
62. Motif(主题)
A recurring feature (such as a name, an image, or a phrase) in a
work of literature. A motif generally contributes in some way to
the theme of a short story, novel, poem, or play. At times, motif
is used to refer to some commonly used plot or character type in
literature.
63. Motivation(动机)
The reasons, either stated or implied, for a character’s behavior.
To make a story believable, a writer must provide characters with
motivation sufficient to explain what they do. Characters may be
motivated by outside events, or they may be motivated by inner
needs or fears.
64. Multiple Point of View(多视角)
It is one of the literary techniques William Faulkner used, which
shows within the same story how the characters reacted differently
to the same person or the same situation. The use of this technique
gave the story a circular form wherein one event was the center,
with various points of view radiating from it. The multiple points
of view technique makes the reader recognize the difficulty of
arriving at a true judgment.
65. Narrator(叙述者)
One who narrates, or tells, a story. A story may be told by a
first-person narrator, someone who is either a major or minor
character in the story. Or a story may be told by a third-person
narrator, someone who is not in the story at all. The word narrator
can also refer to a character in a drama who guides the audience
through the play, often commenting on the action and sometimes
participating in it.
66. Nonet(九??)
the nine-line stanza. Spenserian stanza: ababbcbcc.
67. Nonfiction(写实文学)
It refers to any prose narrative that tells about things as the
actually happened or that presents factual information about
something. The purpose of this kind of writing is to give a
presumably accurate accounting of a person’s life. Writers of
nonfiction use the major forms of discourse: description (an
impression of the subject); narration (the telling of the story);
exposition (explanatory information); persuasion (an argument to
influence people’s thinking). Forms: autobiography, biography,
essay, story, editorial, letters to the editor found in newspaper,
diary, journal, travel literature.
68. Novel(小说)
A book-length fictional prose narrative, having may characters and
often a complex plot.
69. Octave(八行体诗)
the eight-line stanza. 2 quatrains/ 2 triplets + 1 couplet.
70. Onomatopoeia(拟声法构词)
The use of a word whose sound in some degree imitates or suggests
its meaning.
71. Oxymoron(矛盾修辞法)
来源：(http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/s/blog_5f44307c0100dc0m.html?vt=4)
- 完整版名词解释-5_微酸美人_新浪博客a figure of speech that combines
opposite or contradictory ideas or terms. An oxymoron suggests a
paradox, but it does so very briefly, usually in two or three
words.
72. Paradox(自相矛盾)
A statement that reveals a kind of truth, although it seems at
first to be self-contradictory and untrue.
73. Parallelism(平行)
(a figure of speech) The use of phrases, clauses, or sentences that
are similar or complementary in structure or in meaning.
Parallelism is a form of repetition.
74. Pathos(哀婉)
The quality in a work of literature or art that arouses the
reader’s feelings of pity, sorrow, or compassion for a character.
The term is usually used to refer to situations in which innocent
characters suffer through no fault of their own.
75. Persuasion(说服)
It’s the type of speaking or writing that is intended to make its
audience adopt a certain opinion or perform an action or do both.
Persuasion is one of the major forms of discourse.
76. Pictorialism(图像)
It’s an important poetic device characterized by efforts to achieve
striking visual effects. Among its features are irregularity of
line, contrast or enchantment of light, color and image. Other
means of pictorialism include personification, juxtaposition and
the matching of colors with verbs of action.
77. Pre-Romanticism(先浪漫主义)
It originated among the
conservative groups of men and letters as a reaction against
Enlightenment and found its most manifest expression in the “Gothic
novel”. The term arising from the fact that the greater part of
such romances were devoted to the medi times.
78. Protagonist(正面人物)
The central character of a drama, novel, short story, or narrative
poem. The protagonist is the character on whom the action centers
and with whom the reader sympathizes most. Usually the protagonist
strives against an opposing force, or antagonist , to accomplish
something.
79. Psalm(圣歌)
A song or lyric poem in praise of God.
80. Psychological Realism(心理现实主义)
It is the realistic writing that probes deeply into the
complexities of characters’ thoughts and motivations. Henry James
is considered the founder of psychological realism. His novel The
Ambassadors is considered to be a masterpiece of psychological
realism.
81. Pun(双关语)
The use of a word or phrase to suggest tow or more meaning at the
same time. Puns are generally humorous.
82. Quatrain(四行诗)
Usually a stanza or poem of four lines. A quatrain may also be any
group of four lines unified by a rhyme scheme. Quatrains usually
follow an abab, abba, or abcb rhyme scheme.
83.Quintain(五行诗)
the five-line stanza.
84. Refrain(叠句)
A word phrase, line or group of lines repeated regularly in a poem,
usually at the end of each stanza. Refrains are often used in
ballads and narrative poems to create a songlike rhythm and to help
build suspense. Refrains can also serve to emphasize a particular
idea.
85. Rhythm(韵律)
It is one of the three basic elements of traditional poetry. It is
the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables into a
pattern. Rhythm often gives a poem a distinct musical quality.
Poets also use rhythm to echo meaning.
86. Scansion(诗的韵律分析)
The analysis of verse in terms of meter.
