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A few ,alittle,a bit,some,any,many,much的用法

2011-05-07 18:16阅读:
A few ,alittle,a bit,some,any,many,much的用法

1、a few用作定语,修饰可数名词,意为“少数的、几个、一些”,表示肯定;few表示“很少的、几乎没有的”,表示否定,其反义词为many,如:
  There are few people in the room.(房间里有几个人。)
  There are few people in the room.(房间里几乎没有人。)
   2、a little也可作定语,修饰不可数名词,意为“一点儿、少量”,表示肯定。如果去掉a,则little表示“很少的、几乎没有的”,其反义词是much,如:
  Could you give me little milk (请给我一点儿牛奶好吗?)
   There was lot of food on the table, but ate little.(桌子上有许多食物,但是我几乎一点儿也没吃。)
   3、a bit用作定语时,意为“一点儿”,不能直接修饰不可数名词,但可用“a bit
of +不可数名词”结构,此时a bit of little. 如:
  He has bit of/a little money left.(他剩下的钱很少。)
   She knows bit of /a little French.(她懂一点儿法语。)


在肯定句中,a little和a bit意思相同:
This box is a bit heavier than the other one.
This box is a little heavier than the other one. 这两句的意思都是:
这个箱子比那个箱子重一点。
再比如说“价格会上涨一点。”我们可以说:The price would jump a bit. 也可以说:
The price would jump a little.
“还有点工作要做。”可以说:There is still a bit more work to do.
也可以说:There is still a little more work to do.
not a bit和not a little 的意思正好相反。not a bit是“一点也不”的意思,和not at all意思相同;not a little的意思是“不是一点点”,和much意思相同:
I’m not a bit tired. (I’m not tired at all.) 我一点也不累。
I’m not a little tired. (I’m much tired.) 我很累了。(不是一点点累,是很累)
a bit通常修饰表示“令人不快”的形容词,例如sad, silly, cold, hungry, angry, difficult, heavy, expensive等:
The song is a bit sad. 这首歌有点伤感。
You might say I’m a bit silly. 你可能会说我有点傻。
a little则无论褒贬都可以修饰:
Mary is a little older but a little more beautiful than Ann. 玛丽比安年纪更大但是更漂亮。
Everyone seemed a little nervous. 每个人看起来都有点紧张。
a bit后面不能直接接名词,接名词要用a bit of的结构;a little则可以直接修饰名词:
This will add a little fun to the game. 如果要用a bit来修饰fun,要用a bit of的结构:
This will add a bit of fun to the game. 这可以使这个游戏更有趣一点。
当a little修饰的名词前有the, this, that, 所有格等限定词时,也要用a little of的结构:
This remind me a little of those old sayings. 这使我想起了那些古老的谚语。
a bit 和a little不能用来修饰“形容词+名词”的结构。例如,heavy boxes这样的结构,就不能用a bit和a little修饰,不能说a bit heavy boxes;再比如hot weather,我们不可 以说a little hot weather.
a little bit的意思是“一点点”,用法与”a bit”相同:
This is a little bit too difficult for me. 这对我来说有点难。
Jack is a little bit selfish. 杰克有点自私。
I speak a little bit of French. 我讲一点法语。
This made me feel a little bit better about myself. 这使我感觉好点了。
for a bit的意思是 for a short time:
We talked for a bit. (We talked for a short time.) 我们谈了一会儿。
Please hang on for a bit. 请等一会儿,不要挂断。


a bit与a little的用法辨析
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/01/17 17:48 英语辅导报


  小明:Miss Gao,a little和a bit都有'一点儿'、'少许'的意思,那么a bit可否用a little替换?二者有什么区别?麻烦您给我讲讲吧!

  Miss Gao:你提的问题很好。这两个词组意思相同,有时可以互换,但却又有各自独特的用法,真可谓是'貌合神离'的两兄弟。不信你看:

  I.相同之处

  1.a bit与a little都可作程度副词,表示'稍微、一点儿'的意思,修饰动词、形容词、比较级等,二者可以互换。例如:

  Will you please turn down the radio a bit/a little?(动词)请你把收音机声音关小一点好吗?

  She's a bit/a little afraid of the teacher.(形容词)她有点怕老师。

  Her mother feels a bit/a little better today.(比较级)她母亲今天感觉好一些。

  2.for a bit和for a little意思相同,相当于for a while或for a short time,可互换。例如:

  Let's rest for a bit/a little.让我们休息一下。

  II.不同之处

  1.a little可以直接修饰不可数名词,而a bit修饰不可数名词时,只能用a bit of。例如:

  Tom has a little money./Tom has a bit of money.汤姆有一点钱。

  但是,当a little修饰的名词前有this,that,所有格等限定词时,也要用a little of结构。例如:

  I want to drink a little of that drink.我想喝点那种饮料。

  2.a bit和a little与not连用时,意思大相径庭。not a bit=not at all,意为'一点也不';not a little=very much,意为'十分'、'相当'、'极其'。例如:

  He is not a bit tired.他一点不累。

  He is not a little tired.他很累。

  小明:听了你的讲解,这下我心里有数了,我想以后不会再分不清这'貌合神离'的两兄弟了。Thank you,Miss Gao。

  Miss Gao:My pleasure.为了巩固一下今天所学的内容,你还是做一做下面的练习吧:

  练习:用a bit或a little填空。

  1.There is _________ time left.

  2.I whould like you to stay for _________ if you have time.

  3.This will give us a _________ of time.

  4.He went to sleep soon,for he was not _________ tired.

  5.I don't want to stop to have a rest,because I am not _________ tired.

  Key:1.a little 2.a bit,a little 3.a bit 4.a little 5.a bit


.1.many许多的,很多的后面要接可数名词的复数,many apples许多苹果
2.some一些,后面既可以接可数又可以接不可数名词,some apples一些苹果, some water一些水,否定句中some要变成any
3.a lot of 和lots of没什么区别,后面都可以接可数名词的复数也可以接不可数名词,a lot of/lots of money很多钱
4.much是修饰不可数名词的,much money很多钱。much还可以接在形容词比较级的前面表示更深一个程度。much和many的比较级和最高级是一样的
--------------------------------

much,many,表示很多,前者用于形容词比较级及不可数名词,后者用于修饰可数名词;例:
It's much easier now; There're much water in the tank; I have many books;

some, any,表示一些,前者用于肯定陈述及委婉请求,后者用于否定句及一般疑问句;例:
I have some books; Would you like some coffee? I don't have any books; Is there any coffee in your cup?

a lot of, 相当于much,more的化身,但仅用于修饰名词,当后面接形容词比较级时,应为a lot;例:
There is a lot of water in the tank; There'are a lot of books in my room; I'm a lot better now, thanks.

more, 为much和many的比较级,后接名词(可数或不可数均可),或形容词;例:
I have more books than him. I have more coffee than him; The book is more expensive.

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