简单句、非简单句练习
2013-11-20 08:28阅读：
1. 改错：中文思维下的英文！ China happens great changes in the past 30
years.
The temperature went down five degrees during a night.
He has worked two companies.
Our village flowed a small river.
正确说法：（以下动词均为不及物动词）
Great changes have happened in the past 30 years.
The temperature went down by five degrees overnight.
He has worked in two different companies.
A small river flowed through our village.
（flow意思完整，不能加宾语；by five degrees和in two different
companies属于副词，可修饰动词。）
2. 改错：（写作常见错误）
In the class has thirty-four students.
We will planting the tree the corner of the garden.
People always telling the true.
This is a privately conversation.
Intelligent（聪明的） students should not be treated different by their
teachers.
Work at home can greatly enhance our efficiency（效率）.
参考答案：
There are thirty-four students in the
class.（英文中的地点通常是状语，即“在某地，某事发生”。）
We will plant the tree in the corner of the garden.
（情态动词、助动词will/shall后均跟动词原型；地点状语必须是副词，所以改为介词短语in the corner of the
garden，因其词性为副词。）
People always tell the truth.
（谓语必须是动词，telling为分词或动名词；宾语必须是名词）
This is a private conversation. （定语常常是形容词。）
Intelligent students should not be treated differently by
their teachers. （托福、雅思写作常见错误）修饰形容词、副词和动词的只能用副词。
Working at home can greatly enhance our efficiency.
（托福、雅思写作常见错误）主语不能是动词原形，只能是名词。动词变为名词常用to do或doing.
3. 请用下列单词的正确形式组合句子：
1) went, I, last night, to the
theater
2) behind me, a young man and young woman,
were sitting
3) looked at, angry, I, the man and the
woman
4) immediate, left, he
5) at home, we, on Sundays, stay
6) a new school, built, they, in our
village, last year, voluntary（自愿的）
参考答案：
1) Last night, I went to the theater.
2) A young man and a young woman were
sitting behind me.
3) I looked at the man and the woman
angrily.
4) He left immediately. （注意状语词性）
5) We stay at home on Sundays. （注意状语顺序）
6) They voluntarily built a new school in our village last year.
或Last year, they voluntarily built a new school in our village.
（注意状语词性和顺序）
4.
识别下列句子的成分：（以下例句均摘自托福、雅思官方满分作文或考官范文，均为简单句。但由于添加了合适的定、状、同位语，简单句变得‘简约而不简单，简单而不平凡’，这也是迈向更加复杂句式写作的前提。所以，写作考试简单句也是非常必要的一种句式。通过研究托福、雅思考官范文和满分作文发现，简单句与非简单与的比例基本是1:4，排列原则通常是“长短交错”
1)
Job
satisfaction（工作满意度）,
a very important part of an employee’s sense of
wellbeing（员工幸福感的重要部分）, can be
promoted（提升）
in a number of ways in most
jobs.
2)
From our
own school experience, we can find plenty
of（许多） evidence（证据）
to support the view.
3)
Increasing the price of
petrol（提高油价）
is the best
way to solve growing traffic and pollution
problems（解决越来越严重的交通和污染问题）.
答案：1) Job
satisfaction（主语）,
a very important part of an employee’s sense of
wellbeing（同位语）, can be promoted
（谓语）in a number of ways in
most jobs（方式状语和地点状语）.
2) From our own
school experience（地点状语）, we can
find（主谓） plenty of（定语）
evidence（宾语）
to support the
view（目的状语）.
3) Increasing the
price of petrol（主语）
is（谓语）
the best
way（表语）
to solve growing traffic and pollution
problems（目的状语）---
再次提示：动词原形不可做主语、宾语，只有动名词或不定式可以。
TIPS：状语跟谓语动词有多种逻辑关系，常用的有：时间状语（包含伴随状语）、地点状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语、方式状语、目的状语、让步状语、比较状语。
5.时态练习
I ___ (have) a letter from my sister yesterday. She ___ (live) in
Nigeria(尼日利亚). In her letter, she ___ (say) that she ___ (come) to
England next year. If she ___ (come), she ___ (get) a big surprise.
We ___ (now live) in a beautiful new house in the country(在乡间).
Work on it ___ (begin) before my sister ___ (leave). An Asian style
pavilion (亚洲风格的凉亭) ___ (be) built in the back yard(后院) by the end
of next month. In my letter, I ___ (tell) her that she ___ (can
stay) with us. The house ___ (have) many large rooms and there ___
(be) a lovely garden. It ___ (be) a very modern house, so it ___
(look) strange to some people. It must ___ (be) the only modern
house in the district. I ___ (expect) her to come to stay with us
for years now.
答案：
I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In
her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If
she comes, she will get a big surprise. We are now living in
a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before
my sister left. An Asian style pavilion will have been built in the
back yard by the end of next month. In my letter, I told her that
she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is
a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to
some people. It must be the only modern house in the district. I
have been expecting her to come to stay with us for years
now.
6. 被动语态练习
1) The bicycle ___ (send now) to his home
by train.
2) The Olympic Games ___ (hold) in our
country in four years time.
3) The wallet ___ (wrap up) in newspaper
and it contained half the money he had lost.
4) The Taj Mahal(印度泰姬陵) ___ (build) in the
17th century for the emperor(皇帝) Shah Jehan. A few years
after he ___ (become) ruler, his wife, Mumtaz-i-Mahal, ___ (die).
The Taj Mahal ___ (build) in her honor(为了纪念她). Experts ___ (call)
in from many parts of the world to construct the domes(穹顶) and to
decorate the walls. The Taj Mahal which ___ (begin) in 1632 and ___
(complete) in 1654 ___ (cost) a fortune. Up to the present day, it
___ (visit) by millions of people.
答案：
1) The bicycle is now being sent to his
home by train.
2) The Olympic Games will be held in our
country in four years time.
3) The wallet had been wrapped up in
newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost.
4) The Taj Mahal(印度泰姬陵) was built in the
17th century for the emperor(皇帝) Shah Jehan. A few years
after he had become ruler, his wife, Mumtaz-i-Mahal, died. The Taj
Mahal had been built in her honor. Experts had been called in from
many parts of the world to construct the domes(穹顶) and to decorate
the walls. The Taj Mahal which was begun in 1632 and (was)
completed in 1654 cost a fortune. Up to the present day, it has
been visited by millions of people.
说明：泰姬陵的建造整个发生在过去，属于“在过去、已发生并结束”，所以更多以过去完成时为主。
7. 请参考被动语态“四大锦囊”，将下列句子改成书面语
People should pay some professions better, such as sports, art or
science.
We often consider educating children to be the responsibility of
parents.
Teachers can teach any child particular skills, but to be really
good in areas such as music, art or sports, children need to have
some natural talent(天赋).
答案：（雅思考官官方范文句子精选）
Some professions, such as sports, art or science, should be paid
better. （明显没有明确主语，所以用被动）
Educating children is often/widely thought/considered to the
responsibility of parents. （“教育孩子”是句子的主要信息，所以最好用被动强调）
Any child can be taught particular skills, but to be really good in
areas such as music, art or sport, some natural talent is
needed/required. （前一句话用被动表达更加客观；后一句natural talent是主要信息，需强调）
8. 请参考状语从句九大连词，将下列句子填上合适的并列连词，使其意思更加完整。
1）基础练习：
He finished lunch. He went into the living room to watch TV.
Teachers live by selling knowledge. Philosophers live by selling
wisdom. Priests live by selling spiritual comfort（精神安慰）.
I saw him in the street this morning. He did not greet
me.（他没有理我、没给我打招呼）
He teaches English. I teach English.
He teaches English. He teaches Chinese.
You must warn（警告、告诫） him. I must warn him.
He does not speak English. His wife does not speak English.
He does not speak English. He does not speak Chinese.
He cannot write Chinese. He cannot speak Chinese.
You must wash the dishes（洗碗）. You must mop the floor（拖地）.
答案：
He finished lunch and went into the living room to watch TV.
（并列句中前后主语一致，则后者省略）
Teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by
selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual
comfort. （并列句中前后谓语相同，则后者常省略）
I saw him in the street this morning, but he did not greet
me. （并列句中前后主语不一致，则后者不能省略）
Both he and I teach English. （该句子的主语是he and
I，谓语用复数）
He teaches both English and Chinese. （连接并列宾语）
Either you or I must warn him.
（连接并列主语；该句子的主语是I，就近原则）
Neither he nor his wife speaks English.
（连接并列主语；该句子的主语是his wife，就近原则）
He speaks neither English nor Chinese. （连接并列宾语）
He can neither write Chinese nor speak Chinese.
（连接并列谓语）
You must not only wash the dishes but mop the floor
as well. 比较：Not only you but also she has to
leave. （主语为she，就近原则）
TIPS：只有both…and…连接的主语才看作一起，其余主语都是“就近原则”。
2）高端练习：（考试写作中能写出如下句子就已经很好，但还可以更好）
The government should take measures to curb traffic
congestion（采取措施，控制交通拥堵）. All the roads would become a huge parking
lot（停车场）.
The government should take measures to curb the number of private
cars（控制私家车数量）. The government should encourage individuals to take
public transport（鼓励人们乘坐公共交通）.
Some people think the Internet only has positive impact（积极影响）.
Others believe it also has negative influence（消极影响） on our
lives.
Some people complain about their lives. It’s not because they have
less. It’s because they want more.
答案：
The government should take measures to curb traffic congestion,
or/otherwise all the roads would become a huge parking
lot（停车场）.
The government should take measures to curb the number of private
cars and encourage individuals to take public transport.
或者：The government should both take measures to curb the
number of private cars and encourage individuals to take
public transport. 或者：The government should not only take
measures to curb the number of private cars but encourage
individuals to take public transport as well.
Some people think the Internet only has positive impact,
while/whereas/whilst others believe it also has negative
influence（消极影响） on our lives.
Some people complain about their lives, not because they
have less but because they want more.
TIPS: 只要是并列关系，不管是不是在并列句中，都可以用并列连词连接，比如最后一句（本身是原因状语从句）。
9. 用正确的连词连接下面句子，组成并列句、定语从句或状语从句（高端考试写作的必备能力）：
TIPS：托福、雅思写作认为，复杂的idea要用“相对复杂的结构”才能呈现其内在的逻辑关系，而相对复杂的结构就是所谓的非简单句，尤其是“五大从句”。
1) He missed the train. He did not
hurry.
2) He ran fast. He failed to win the
race.
3) I was tired. I went to sleep
immediately.
4) My neighbor went to Tokyo for a holiday.
He could not return home. He did not have enough money.
5) The police searched everywhere. The
missing boy could not be found. His dog could not be found.
6) My hotel room overlooked(俯瞰) a
courtyard(院子). There was a fountain(喷泉). There were several
trees.
7) He walked quietly down the corridor(走廊).
No one could hear him.
8) During Christmas, there was extra work
at the post office. A great number of students were employed to
help.
9) James Sullivan will give a lecture at
the local library next week. His book on pandas was published
recently.
10) Fares(票价) have increased. The railway
company is still losing money. The employees have demanded higher
wages.
参考答案：（英文中的每一个连词，都是一种逻辑关系，都体现出英文是一种强调逻辑清晰的语言；反观中文，很多时候这些连词都可以省略）
1) He missed the train because he
did not hurry.
2) Although he ran fast, he failed
to win the race.
3) I was so tired that I went
to sleep immediately.
重点提醒：So…that…表达结果状语从句，所以that一定要翻译成“结果、因此、所以”才符合逻辑；不地道的翻译（比如“如此…以至于…”）会让人想不起使用该结构，因为我们的口语和写作在一定时期内都是在翻译。
4) My neighbor who went to Tokyo for
a holiday could not return home, because he did not have
enough money.
特别提示：两个简单句出现共同名词（或其中一句的代词指代另一个句子），并且存在一定的逻辑关系（如因果、让步、转折、目的等），二者就可以组合成定语从句。
5) The police searched everywhere, but
neither the missing boy nor his dog could be
found.
6) My hotel room overlooked(俯瞰) a
courtyard(院子), in which there was a fountain(喷泉) and
several trees.
TIPS：定语从句的关联词除指代或修饰先行名词外，还兼有连词、连接句子的作用。
7) He walked quietly down the corridor,
so that no one could hear him.
8) During Christmas, there was so
much extra work at the post office that a great number
of students were employed to help.
9) James Sullivan, whose book on
pandas was published recently, will give a lecture at the local
library next week.
TIPS：定语从句表达原因状从的逻辑关系，书面语专用。
10) Even if fares(票价) have
increased, the railway company is still losing money, for
the employees have demanded higher wages.
