book2unit7单词讲解
2013-12-12 18:06阅读：
Unit 7 Learning about English
Text A The Glorious Messiness of
English
Language Study
1) massive
w The ancient temple’s
massive stone pillars had begun to crumble.
w The scale of the problem
is so massive that it will require all our resources to deal with
it.
2) snack
w I usually have a snack of
a hamburger and a glass of Coke at lunchtime.
w The children in the
kindergarten have a midmorning snack of milk and
biscuits.
3) corrupt
① cause errors to appear in
w
The Academy ruled that such foreign expressions were not
permitted, as they corrupted the language.
w Has Japanese been
corrupted by the introduction of foreign words?
w This jargon merely
corrupts your good English.
② cause to act dishonestly in return for
personal gains
w We believe film of
violence will corrupt young people.
w To our great surprise,
the former mayor turned out to have been corrupted by the desire
for money and power.
w To gain more profits, the
businessman tried every means to corrupt the officials in the local
government.
4) ban
v. (used in the patterns: ban
sth.; ban sb. from sth./doing sth.)
w The local government will
ban smoking in all offices later this year.
w Scientists from many
countries called on the international community to create an
international convention to ban human cloning as soon as
possible.
w Tom was banned from
driving fro six months after being caught speeding
again.
w Lady Chatterley’s
Lover was banned when it was first
published.
n. (followed by
on)
w The government is
considering a total ban on cigarette advertising.
w The ban on underground
nuclear tests is a vital step toward disarmament.
5) invent
① create (a thing or idea that has not existed
before)
w James Watt invented the
steam engine.
w Alexander Graham Bell
invented the telephone.
② give (a name, reason, etc. that doesn’t exist
or is not true)
w All the characters in the
novel are invented.
w Standing still in the
teacher’s office, the boy tried to invent a plausible excuse for
his absence from class.
(Cf.: invent, discover) If somebody invents
something, they are the first person to think of it or make it. If
somebody discovers something, they find out about something
which exists but which was not previously known.
w Walter Hunt and Elias
Hone invented the sewing machine.
w The planet Pluto was
discovered in 1930.
6) fascinating
w The story of his
adventures in the Arctic was fascinating to listen to.
w I found the discussion
about cloning absolutely fascinating.
w It is fascinating to
imagine what might have happened if the U.S. had not declared war
against Japan in World War II.
7) strictly speaking: if one uses
words, applies rules, etc. in their exact sense
w He’s not strictly
speaking an artist; he is more of a performer.
w Strictly speaking she was
not qualified for the job. But we employed her because of her
honesty.
8) tolerance
① the quality of allowing other people to say
and do as they like, even if you don’t agree or approve of it
(followed by of/for)
w School teachers have to
have a great deal of tolerance in order to deal with difficult
children.
w I think tolerance between
students is extremely necessary since they live and study
together.
② the ability to bear sth. painful or unpleasant
(followed by of/for)
w Human beings have limited
tolerance of noise.
w The patient had no
tolerance for pain. Whenever he was given an injection he would
cry.
9) to a (very real, great, certain, small, etc.)
extent
w I agree with him to some
extent but there are still some areas of sharp disagreement between
us.
w To a certain extent the
failure of the restaurant was due to bad management.
10) necessity
① sth. you must have in order to live properly
or do sth.
w Water is a basic
necessity of life.
w A lot of people would
consider a TV as more of a necessary than a luxury
item.
② circumstances that force one to do sth.; the
state of being necessary; the need for sth. (followed by
of/for)
w There is absolutely no
necessity for you to be involved in the project.
w They reached an agreement
on the necessity of educational reforms.
11) arouse
w These educational toys
give children a feeling of self-worth by arousing their interest in
challenging tasks.
w The man’s strange
behavior aroused the policeman’s suspicions.
12) channel: stretch of water
joining two seas; (radio, TV) band of frequencies within which
signals from a transmitter must be kept (to prevent interference
from other transmitters); any ways by which news, ideas, etc, may
travel
w Thanks to Eurostar and
the Channel Tunnel, the journey between London and Paris is
convenient and comfortable one.
w Stop channel surfing and
get focused on one program!
w The problem of criminal
responsibility of foreigners who enjoy diplomatic privileges is to
be resolved through diplomatic channels.
13) surrender: (followed by
to)
w After several weeks of
severe attacks, Afghanistan’s Taliban forces surrendered to the
Northern Alliance.
w We’ll never surrender to
terrorism despite the terrorist attacks.
14) for effect
w Everything he says and
does is calculated for effect.
w She paused for effect,
then carried on speaking.
15) invade
w In July 1937 the Japanese
army invaded China.
w The Germans invaded
Poland in 1939, leading to the start of World War II.
16) inhabit
w Long before the early
settlers came to America, the land was inhabited by tribes and
nations of people known to us today as Indians.
w With more and more people
inhabiting the virtual world today, doctors are using that space to
encourage people to quit smoking.
17) mystery
w The politician’s sudden
death remains a mystery to us all.
w No one has ever been able
to explain the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle.
18) resemble
w I’d say he resembles his
mother more than his father.
w In his childhood, Stevie
Wonder loved music and would pound spoons or forks on any surface
that resembled a drum.
19) systematic
w Our professor not only
imparts knowledge to us, but also teaches us how to read books in a
systematic way.
w The staff made a
systematic check to make sure that no name had been omitted from
the register.
20) descend: (followed by
from)
w These ideas descend from
those of the ancient philosophers.
w The Japanese are thought
to be descended from tribes from the north of China.
21) come up with
w I’ll have to give this
some thought before coming up with an answer.
w Darwin came up with an
explanation for the vast diversity of living things: natural
selection.
22) establish
① cause to be set up
w The school was
established in 1905 by an Italian professor.
② place or settle sb. / oneself in a position,
an office, etc. (used in the pattern: establish sb. / oneself
as)
w They are rapidly
establishing themselves as the market leaders.
w She established her fame
as an actress.
23) drift
w Jimmy spent the year
drifting around Europe.
w The football match was
over, and the crowds drifted away from the stadium.
24) climate
w Brought up in the south
of China, she wouldn’t enjoy living in such a cold
climate.
w Due to the greenhouse
effect, changes in the earth’s climate have taken
place.
25) influence
n. power to affect sb.’s
character, beliefs or actions through example, fear, admiration,
etc.
w Should religion be an
influence in politics?
w His influence on modern
art is immeasurable.
v. have an effect on
w Can you list the top ten
books that have influenced your life?
26) enrich
① make rich or richer
w That once poor coastal
village has been enriched by the profits from tourism.
② improve
w It is important to enrich
the soil prior to planting.
w Travel enriches people’s
lives.
27) addition: (followed by
to)
w The baby is a welcome
addition to the Smith family.
w The young professor will
be a most valuable addition to our board.
28) conquer
w She has conquered the
hearts of many men.
w The Spanish once
conquered most of South America.
29) royal: of a king or queen, or
other members of their family, and things relating to them
w The newborn baby was
welcomed not only by the Japanese royal family but by the country
at large.
w The royal wedding drew
large crowds from across the country.
30) alternative: (followed
byto)
w Check out the
alternatives before deciding whether to go to a nearby
college.
w What was the alternative
to going home?
31) modify
w The school authorities
plan to modify the school regulations.
w The computer programmers
tried to modify the design of the software to make it suitable for
commercial production.
32) habitual
w His habitual expression
was one of mild puzzlement.
w I don’t want my daughter
to marry a habitual drinker.
33) source: a place from which
sth. comes or is obtained
w Tourism, which is a major
source of income for the city, has been seriously affected by the
terrorist attacks.
w The source of the anthrax
(炭疽) outbreak in the USA remained a
mystery.
34) out of control: no longer
able to be controlled
w The fire was out of
control by the time the second fire engine arrived.
w There was nothing they
could do about it. The situation was out of control.
35) put into practice: carry out
w Having delayed several
times, we must put his plan into practice now.
w They weren’t allowed to
put into practice in their daily lives the teachings they
received.
36) strike out: create, produce
w After working for his
father for about ten years, he decided to strike out on his
own.
w With a baby on the way,
Mary and her husband struck out for the suburbs.
37) spring up: appear or be
produced suddenly and quickly
w New buildings sprang up
like mushrooms after a spring rain.
w The sun shone warm, the
air was balmy, and the grass sprang up.
