二
三
|
主格
|
I
|
you
|
she; he; it
|
we
|
you
|
they
|
宾格
|
me
|
you
|
her; him; it
|
us
|
you
|
them
|
7.1．2人称代词的用法.
1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格
They all like him very much.他们都很喜欢他。
She gave the books to you and me.这些书是她送给你和我的。
2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格
--Who’s knocking at the door? 谁敲门？
--It’s me.是我。
3. 人称代词做主语在并列使用时的顺序为：单数形式（二、三、一）；复数形式（一、二、三）
“
You, she and I all enjoy the music. 你我她都喜欢音乐。
We, you and they all enjoy the music.
4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等.
We love our motherland, we hope she’ll be stronger and
bigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。
The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to
Boston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。
5.代词it的用法
1) it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境、婴儿或不明身份的人等
- What’ the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样？ - It’s windy. 有风
Some one is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it
is.
It’s about five minutes’ walk from home to
school.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。
2）it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳
It’s hard to reach the apples.很难够到苹果。
(It be + adj.+ to
do)
It’s good for you to take a walk after
supper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的
。(It be + adj. + for sb + to
do)
It’s very kind of you to help me.
(It be + adj. + of sb + to
do)
It’s time to get up / for lunch / that we went home.
(It be time
+ to do / for sth / that 从句)
It’s your turn to sing.
(It be + one’s turn + to do)
It seems that it is going to rain. (It seems + that 从句)
It is obvious that you need more practice. (
It be + adj. +
that从句)
3）it指代前面提到过的事物。
The book on the desk is not mine. It is Jim’s.
4) it代替指示代词this 或that
-- What’s this / that?
-- It’s a
book.
5) 引导强调句型：It is / was + 被强调的部分 +
that/ who / whom + 其他成分。
It is he who goes to school by bike every day.
例1：We like Mr. Green because he often tells
______ funny stories in class.
A. we
B. us
C. our
D.
ours
7.2. 1物主代词：形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词
数
人称
词
义
类型
|
单数
|
复数
|
一
|
二
|
三
|
一
|
二
|
三
|
我的
|
你的
|
他的
|
她的
|
它的
|
我们的
|
你们的
|
他们的
|
形容词性
|
my
|
your
|
his
|
her
|
its
|
our
|
your
|
their
|
名词性its
|
mine
|
yours
|
his
|
hers
|
its
|
ours
|
yours
|
theirs
|
7.2.2.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语
My brother is a worker.我弟弟是个工人。
His parents are very friendly.他的父母非常友善。
7.2.3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：
形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词
注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。
These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (our books = ours)
This is not our room. Ours is over there.
(our room =
ours)
7.2.4. of +名词性物主代词”表示所属，作定语，相当于
of +名词所有格
A sister of his is a nurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。
Tom is a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
例2：Is that
_____dog?
—No .________is
white．
A．his；His
B．her；Itis
C．he；His
D．her；Her
7.3.1. 反身代词的单复数
数人称
|
单数
|
复数
|
第一人称
|
myself我自己
|
ourselves我们自己
|
第二人称
|
yourself你自己
|
yourselves你们自己
|
第三人称
|
himself他自己
herself她自己
itself它自己
|
他们自己
themselves 他们自己
它们自己
|
7.3.2 反身代词的用法
1. 反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语
He thinks more of others than of himself.他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。（宾语）
That poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。（表语）
He himself was a doctor.他本人就是一个大夫。（同位语）
I myself can work the problem out. 我能亲自算出这道题（同位语）
2.反身代词有以下常见搭配
enjoy oneself = have a good time 过的愉快；玩的高兴
by oneself = alone 亲自
help oneself to…随便吃/用
learn sth. by oneself
=teach oneself sth. 自学
注意：oneself 有单复数之分
I enjoy myself.
Children, help yourselves to some fish.
hurt oneself 受伤
例3：The maths problem ____ is
wrong.
A. himself B. he C. itself
D. herself
7.4.1.
指示代词：this，that，these，those
指示代词
|
数
|
近指
|
远指
|
单数
|
this 这个
|
that那个
|
复数
|
these这些
|
those那些
|
1). ①this / these 近指，指在空间和时间上较近的事物，
This is my pen.
These are my books.
②this / these 指下文要提到的事，有启下的作用
Please remember this: No pains, no gains.
I shall say this to you: he is an honest man.
This is a map of China and that is a map of the
world.这是一张中国地图，那是一张世界地图。
Please come this way. We'll go in by that door.
请这边走，我们从那扇门进去。
2). ①that / those 远指，指在空间和时间上较远的事物。
That’s her bike.
I don't like that man. 我不喜欢那个人。
In those years they led a hard life. 在那些岁月里，他们生活得很艰难
②指前面提到过的事，起承上的作用（最常见的是that）。
He was ill. That was why he didn’t get to school.
He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars.
③that和those有时可用来代替前面提到过的东西，以避免重复这个名词：
These machines are better than those we turned out last year.
这些机器比我们去年生产的好。
The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986.
1988年的石油产量比1986年高很多。
The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia.
中国的历史同俄国的历史一样有趣。
3). 打电话时用|this介绍自己，that询问对方。
—Who’s that?
—This is Mike speaking.
例4: --Can I help you
?
--I’d like to buy a present
for my best friend, _____
at proper price but of
great use .
A. that B. one
C. it D.
this
例5：__________ two girls are Mary and
Linda.
A. This B. They
C. That D.
Those
7.4.2. 指示代词用法：
(1) 作主语：
This is what I want to emphasize.
These are chairs.。
That is Linda's book.
Whose pens are those?
(2) 作宾语：
I like this better than that.。
I like these but she likes those.
(3) 作表语：
My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。
Her plan is that. 她的计划是这样的。
His worries are those. 他的烦恼就是那些。
(4) 作定语：
You can't swim at this time of the year. 你不能在这个时候游泳。
We must get to know these tricks of theirs. 我们必须懂得他们这一套鬼花招。
7.5. 疑问代词
疑问代词
|
主要用法
|
例句
|
Who
|
做主语、表语、宾语（做宾语是在口语中不能放在介词后）
|
Who wants to go with me?
|
Whom
|
Who的宾格形式，作宾语
|
To whom are you talking?=Whom are you
talking to?
|
Whose
|
Who的所有格形式，做定语
|
Whose book is this?
|
what / who
|
What询问某人的职业
|
--What’s your father?
--He is a worker.
|
Who询问某人的身份、姓名
|
--Who is the boy under the tree?
--He is Li Ming
|
what / which
|
What指不定数目中的“哪一个，哪一些，什么”，没有一定的范围限制
|
What would you like?
|
Which“哪一个”，指在一定范围内特指的人或物
|
Which one do you like best?
|
例6：-- ____ is the man under the
tree?
-- Jim’s father.
A. When B. What C. Where
D. Who
7.6. 不定代词：不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词
7.6.1．普通不定代词(初中阶段常用的普通不定代词)：
some; any
|
few; little
|
none
one
other
|
many; much
|
either; neither
|
each; every
|
both; all
|
7.6.2. 普通不定代词的用法：
1. some/any
some（一些,某写，某个）一般用于肯定句中，即可加可数名词也可加不可数名词。
There are some flowers in front of the house.
any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
Do you have any picture-books?
注：在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表达请求、建议时应用some.
--Would you like some coffee?
--Yes. please.
May I ask some questions?
2. many/much
many 修饰或指代复数名词，还可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as,
how连用。
There are many eggs in the basket.
Many of us like playing games.
much 修饰或指代不可数名词，还可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as,
how连用。
He doesn’t know much English.
He never eats so much breakfast.
3. both/either/neither
both “（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数；
常构成固定搭配both…and…(既…you…),
谓语用复数。
My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are
teachers.
Both she and I are students.
neither
“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;
作定语时后跟名词单数，常构成固定搭配neither of +n. / pron.
的复数和neither…nor…(既不…也不…)，谓语用就近原则。
Neither answer is right.
Neither you nor he is wrong.
either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;
作定语时后跟名词单数，常构成固定搭配either of
+n./pron.的复数和either…or…(或者…或者…；要么…要么…)，谓语用就近原则。
There are trees on either side of the street.= There are trees on
both sides of the street.
Either you or I am right.
例7：— Oh, dear! Who broke the
glass?www.yxlt
— _____ Sam _____Bruce. It was the
cat.
/ o& f' `% B* K/ K, mA Both, and B Not, but
C Neither, nor
D Either, or
4. all/none
all
“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，常与of连用，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前
We are all from Canada.
They all like English.
All of us are from China.
none
“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）
None of us is/are afraid of dogs.
5
. every/each
every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数，不与of
连用,指三者或三者以上的人或事物。
Every child likes playing games.
each
表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of
连用，作主语时谓语用单数，作同位语谓语由它的同位语决定，指两个或两个以上的人或事物。
Each student was asked to try again.
Each of them has a nice skirt
We each wear a yellow T-shirt.
Every student loves English in the class.
例8：____ want to see the film.
A Every student
B Each student C All of
students D All the
students
6.both, all, either, any, neither, none 的区别
|
都
|
任何
|
都不
|
两者
|
both
|
either
|
neither
|
三者(以上)
|
all
|
any
|
none
|
例9：— When shall we go to the museum, this
afternoon or tomorrow morning?
— ______ is OK. I’m free these days.
A. Both
B. All
C. Either
D. Neither
7. few/a few/little/a little 的区别
|
后接可数名词
|
后接不可数名词
|
肯定
|
a few(有一些)
|
a little(有一点儿)
|
否定
|
few(几乎没有)
|
Little(几乎没有)
|
例10：A lot of people have tried, but ____
have succeeded.
A. the few B. a few C.
few D. little
8. other, the other, others, the others, another
的区别
不定代词
|
意义
|
用法
|
例句
|
other
|
泛指别的、其他的，另外的
|
只做定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this,
that, some, any, each, every, no, one, my, your,
his等，则可与单数名词连用
|
Do you have any other questions?
|
the other
|
特指两者中的另一个（代词）
修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些（形容词）
|
常与one连用，构成one…,the
other…；作定语修饰复数名词时，表“其余的全部”
|
He has two sons. One is a worker, the
other is a doctor.
Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming,
too.
|
others
|
泛指别的人或物
|
是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能做定语，可以构成some…others…
|
He often helps others.
Some are playing basketball, others are playing football.
|
the others
|
特指其余所有的人或物
|
是the other的复数形式，特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物
|
There are fifty students in our class.
Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.
|
another
|
任何一个，另一个，又一，再一
|
泛指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词
|
I don’t want this coat. Please show me
another.
|
例11： I have five pencils, one is red, ____
is blue and ___ are green.
A. another, the other
B. the other, others
C. others, the others
D. another, the others
例12：I have Chemistry classes ____ day,
Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
A. each other B. every other
C. this and other D. all other
9. it, one, that 的区别
代词
|
用法说明
|
例句
|
it
|
特指上下文提到的同一对象，是同一事物
|
The book is mine. It’s very
interesting.
|
one
|
泛指上下文体积的同类事物中的一个，同类不同物
|
--Who has a pen?
--I have one.
|
that
|
常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。
|
The weather in Beijing is colder than
that in Guangzhou in winter.
|
10.有关词组及应用
both of/either of/neither of
Both of them swim well.他们俩都游得很好。
Either of you goes to Beijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。
Neither of them stopped to have a rest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。
both…and（谓语动词用复数形式）
either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)
Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。
Either my father or my mother cooks at home.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。
Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都没空。
7.6.3. 复合不定代词
1. 初中阶段常用的复合不定代词：由every，some,
any，no与one，body，thing构成复合不定代词everyone，everybody，everything;
someone, somebody, something; anyone, anybody, anything; no one,
nobody, nothing。
|
some
|
any
|
no
|
every
|
body
|
somebody某人
|
anybody某人/任何人
|
Nobody没有人
|
everybody 每人
|
one
|
someone某人
|
anyone某人/任何人
|
no one没有人
|
everyone 每人
|
thing
|
something某事
|
anything某事/任何事
|
Nothing没有东西
|
everything每一件事
|
2.
当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置
I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything else in the box?
3. 陈述部分主语是指“人”的复合不定代词everybody, everyone,
anybody,anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no
one，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he.。陈述部分主语是指
“物”的复合不定代词everything, nothing, something, anything,
疑问部分主语用it。no-开头的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句表示否定意义。
例13：Everyone knows the answer,
______?
A. is it B. isn’t it C. don't they
D. does he
例14：Nothing is serious, ______?
A. is it B. isn’t it C. aren’t they
D. is he
4. everyone=everybody只指人，every
one即可指人，也可指物。还可以与of短语连用。
I’d like everyone to be happy.
I have kept every one of her letters.
5.
后面的代词既可以用单数，也可以用复数，但它们本身均被视为单数，都表示单数概念，当他们做主语时，谓语用单数。只有名词性质，一般不做定语。
Everyone/Everybody knows what
he has to do.
=Everyone/Everybody knows what
they have to do.
Everything is going well.
例15：—Is_____here?
—No, John and Bob have asked for leave.
A. nobody
B. anybody
C. somebody
D. everybody
沈阳代词中考题
1. I forget to bring a pen．Would you lend me ____?
A．one
B．that
C．it
D．this
2. She even managed to take two trips，one to the Netherlands，
34
to Portland．
A．another
B．the
other
C．others
D．the
others
3. Peter is a reporter, the tape recorder is ___________.
A. yours
B. hers
C. his
D. mine
4. This beach was
__ of the few beaches in Phuket
where no one was killed or seriously hurt.
A. one
B. all
C. some
D. none
5. I’'m just going to ________market, mum. Do you
want_________?
A. (不填); something
B. the; everything
C. (不填); nothing
D. the; anything
6. —Where’s Mrs. Li taking Polly and Mickey?
—She's taking ________across the street.
A. them
B. us
C. you
D. it
7. Our chemistry teacher, Mr Longford, takes us to public science
lectures (讲座) about four times a term, and these are always very
interesting, as the lecturers are people who have made real
discoveries in
area of science.
A. our
B. their
C. your
D. those
8. I'm going to try to go to
Montreal or Ottawa University, as both are
supposed to have good Physics Departments.
A. neither
B. either
C. both
D. only
9. -- Do you believe_______ you read in ads ?
-- No, only some of them .
A. something
B. anything
C. nothing
D. everything
10. You can imagine how different the table manners here are
from______.
A. us
B.
ours
C. ourselves
D. our
11. The tickets to the fair are $30
. They have already sold 1,000
tickets.
A. one
B. both
C. each
D.
either
12. Mr. Wong, the headmaster, has donated a tape-recorder as the
grand prize, and there will be ten
prizes.
A. others
B. another
C. more
D. fewer
13. The fire spread(蔓延) very quickly and soon
was completely out of
control.
A. she
B. he
C.
that
D. it
14. I haven't checked my e-mails today, because there’s ______wrong
with my computer.
A. something
B. anything
C. everything
D. nothing
15. If
makes
a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become
much more beautiful.
A.
everybody
B.
somebody
C. nobody
D.
anybody
16. ______of us has read the story, so we know nothing about
it.
A. Some
B. Both
C. None
D. All
17. He is not a kind-hearted man._____ people can get on well with
him.
A. Few
B.A little
C. Quite a few
D. Little
18. There is _____ in today‘s newspaper.
A. new anything
B. new something
C. anything new
D. something new
19. Help ______ to some fruits, children.
A. you
B. yours
C. yourselves
D. yourself
例：1-5 BDCAD
6-10 DCDCC
11-15 DBCAD
沈阳中考题：1-5 ABCAD
6-10 ABBDB
11-15 CCDAD
16-19 CADC
