疑问词+ever的用法归纳（引导名词性及让步状语从句）
2012-11-21 15:52阅读：
“疑问词 +
ever”是近年来高考英语的一个考查热点，在各版本的中学英语教材中出现频率较高，而且是学生理解和掌握的一个难点。
1. “疑问代词 +
ever”可引导两种类型的从句，即让步状语从句和名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句)。
(1)引导让步状语从句。此时 whatever / whoever /
whichever 分别等于“ no matter + what / who / which”。例如：
Whatever happened， he wouldn't say a word. = No matter what
happened， he wouldn't say a word.
Whoever says so， it is wrong. = No matter who says so， it
is wrong.
Whichever dictionary you (may) take， you will have to pay
at least 20 dollars. = No matter which dictionary you (may) take，
you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词 may / might .
(2)引导名词性从句。例如：
Whoever smokes here will be punished. (主语从句)
Beggars will eat whatever they are given. (
宾语从句)
Whichever he likes will be given to him.
(主语从句)
You may invite whoever / whomever you like. (常用 whoever 代替
whomever)
此时它们都不能换成“ no matter + 疑问词”的形式，但 whoever 等于 anyone who，
whatever 等于 anything that.
2. “疑问副词 +ever ”： wherever
/ whenever / however 一般只能引导一种类型的从句，即让步状语从句，此时它们分别等于“ no matter +
where / when / how ”。例如：
Wherever he goes (may go). I'll follow him. = No matter
where he goes (may go)，I'll follow him.
Whenever I wisited him， he was always busy working. = No
matter when I visited him， he was always busy working.
However late he is， his mother will wait for him to have
dinner together. = No matter how late he is， his mother will wait
for him to have dinner together.
注意：当 however
用作连接副词时也可引导名词性从句，而 whenever/ wherever
则不能引导名词性从句。例如：
I'll give you however much money you need. (宾语从句，此时 however
不能改成 no matter how )。
3. 另外， whatever / whichever / whoever 与 whenever / wherever
/ however 分别可相当于 what / which / who 与 when / where / how
的强调式（此种用法了解即可），引起的特殊疑问句往往是简单句，与原疑问词的意思、用法完全相同，只是表达的语气更为强烈，翻译时可加上“到底；究竟”等。例如：
What(ever) are you doing ？ 你(到底)在干什么？
Which(ever) do you want to buy ？ 你(究竟)要买哪一个？
Who(ever) told you such a foolish story？
(究竟)是谁讲给你这么蠢的事？
When(ever) can I enjoy a long vacation？
(究竟)什么时候才能给我放个长假呢？
Where(ever) did you leave your dictionary？
你(究竟)把词典放哪儿了？
How(ever) did you collect so much money？
你(到底)是怎样筹到这么多钱的？
