Consonants
|
IPA
|
Pinyin
|
Wade–Giles
|
Bopomofo
|
Chinese Example
|
English approximation
|
p
|
b
|
p
|
ㄅ
|
幫
(帮)
|
span
|
pʰ
|
p
|
p'
|
ㄆ
|
滂
|
pan
|
m
|
m
|
ㄇ
|
明
|
moon
|
f
|
f
|
ㄈ
|
非
|
fan
|
t
|
d
|
t
|
ㄉ
|
端
|
stop
|
tʰ
|
t
|
t'
|
ㄊ
|
透
|
top
|
n
|
n-
|
ㄋ
|
泥
|
noon
|
-n
|
ㄣ, ㄢ
|
金, 尖
|
l
|
l
|
ㄌ
|
來
(来)
|
leaf
|
k
|
g
|
k
|
ㄍ
|
干
|
skin
|
kʰ
|
k
|
k'
|
ㄎ
|
口
|
kin
|
ŋ
|
-ng
|
ㄥ, ㄤ
|
井, 江
|
song
|
x
|
h
|
ㄏ
|
火
|
Scottish
English: loch; often weakened to /h/
as hit
|
tɕ
|
j
|
ch
|
ㄐ
|
叫
|
like
jeep, pronounced further forward toward the teeth
(palatalized).[a]
|
tɕʰ
|
q
|
ch'
|
ㄑ
|
去
|
like
cheap, pronounced more forward, toward the
teeth (palatalized).[a]
|
ɕ
|
x
|
hs
|
ㄒ
|
曉
(晓)
|
like
sheep, pronounced more forward, toward the teeth
(palatalized).[a]
|
ʈʂ
|
zh
|
ch
|
ㄓ
|
之
|
like
jaw, with a flat tongue (retroflex).
|
ʈʂʰ
|
ch
|
ch'
|
ㄔ
|
吃
|
like
church, with a flat tongue (retroflex).
|
ʂ
|
sh
|
ㄕ
|
矢
|
like
show, with a flat tongue (retroflex).
|
ɻ[b]
|
r-
|
j
|
ㄖ
|
日
|
like
red, with a flat tongue (retroflex).
|
ts
|
z
|
ts
|
ㄗ
|
子
|
roughly like seats
|
tsʰ
|
c
|
ts'
|
ㄘ
|
此
|
tsunami (with t
pronounced)
|
s
|
s
|
ㄙ
|
私
|
same
|
Semivowels
|
i̯
|
y-/-i-
|
ㄧ
|
牙
|
yes
|
u̯
|
w-/-u-
|
ㄨ
|
我
|
water
|
y̯
|
yu-/-ü-[c]
|
yü-/-ü-
|
ㄩ
|
月
|
French: nuit
|
