The Eames Lounge Chair and ottoman(休闲椅中的经典之作)
2011-09-24 23:36阅读：
The
Eames Lounge Chair and ottoman,
correctly titled Eames Lounge (670) and Ottoman (671), were
released in 1956 after years of development by designers Charles
and Ray Eames for the Herman Miller furniture company. It was the
first chair the Eames designed for a high-end market. These
furnishings are made of molded plywood and leather. Examples of
these furnishings are part of the permanent collection of New
York's Museum of Modern Art.
伊姆斯休闲躺椅是欧美经典家具中比较突出的家具作品，由20世纪极有影响力的设计师查尔斯•伊姆斯和蕾•伊姆斯夫妇设计，它的面世曾被当时的人们公认为是一件惊世之作。这件作品在构思上表现出现代技术与传统技术方式的结合，完全是为舒适而设计的，而模糊的胶合板底座和上面皮革垫的组合方式也颇具创意。伊姆斯休闲椅像一个温雅成熟而又充满热情的绅士，其吸引力让人难以抗拒。(杨林编辑)
The chair is composed of three curved plywood shells. In
modern production the shells are made up of seven thin layers of
wood veneer glued together and shaped under heat and pressure. This
differentiates the newer chairs from the 'original' (vintage)
chairs which used Brazilian rosewood veneers and were constructed
of five layers of plywood. Also differentiating the very earliest
sets from newer sets were rubber spacers between the aluminum
spines and the wood panels first used in the earliest production
models and then hard plastic washers used in later versions. In the
earlier sets, the zipper around the cushions may have been brown or
black as well, and in newer sets the zippers are black. The shells
and the seat cushions are essentially the same shape: composed of
two curved forms interlocking to form a solid mass. The chair back
and headrest are identical in proportion, as are the seat and the
Ottoman.
The Eameses constantly made use of new materials. The couple's
first plywood chair—the Eames Lounge Chair Wood (LCW)—made use of a
heavy rubber washer glued to the backrest of the chair and screwed
to the lumbar support. These washers, which have come to be called
'shock mounts', allow the backrest to flex slightly. This
technology was brought back in the 670 Lounge chair. The backrest
and headrest are screwed together by a pair of aluminum supports.
This unit is suspended on the seat via two connection points in the
armrests. The armrests are screwed to shock mounts on the interior
of the backrest shell, allowing the backrest and headrest to flex
when the chair is in use. This is part of the chair's unusual
design, as well as one of its biggest flaws. The rubber washers are
solidly glued to the plywood shells, but have been known to tear
free when excessive weight is applied, or when the rubber becomes
old and brittle.
Other creative uses of materials include
the seat cushions - which eschew standard stapled or nailed
upholstery. Instead the cushions are sewn with a zipper around the
outer edge that connects them to a stiff plastic backing. The
backing affixes to the plywood shells with a series of hidden clips
and rings. This design, along with the hidden shock mounts in the
armrest allow the outside veneer of the chair to be unmarred by
screws or bolts. The chair has a low seat which is permanently
fixed at a recline. The seat of the chair swivels on a cast
aluminum base, with glides that are threaded so that the chair may
remain level.
It first appeared on the Arlene Francis 'Home' show broadcast on
the NBC television network in the USA in 1956. The chair has become
iconic with Modern style design although when it was first made Ray
Eames remarked in a letter to Charles that the chair looked
'comfortable and un-designy' (sic). Charles's vision was for a
chair with 'the warm, receptive look of a well-used first baseman's
mitt'. Immediately following the début Herman Miller launched an
advertising campaign that highlighted the versatility of the chair.
Print ads depicted the 670 in a Victorian parlor, occupied by a
grandmother shelling peas on the front porch of an American Gothic
style house, and in the middle of a sunny field of hay. One notable
advertisement was produced by the Eames for Herman Miller warning
consumers against imitations and knockoffs.
Since its introduction,
Eames Lounge
Chair has been in continuous production by Herman Miller
in America. Later, Vitra began producing the chair for the European
market. Immediately following its release other furniture companies
began to copy the chair's design. Some copies were direct
knockoffs, while others were merely 'influenced' by the design.
Most notably Plycraft Company, now defunct, issued dozens of chairs
that directly mimicked or were in-the-style-of the Eames 670. More
recently the Chinese market, as well as other European companies,
have begun making direct copy knockoffs. However, Herman Miller and
Vitra remain the only two companies to produce these chairs with
the Eames name attached.
The
Eames Lounge Chair appeals to people for
several reasons. It is a classic design that has been in production
continuously since its creation. In addition to the style, it is
also very comfortable, a combination not always found in high
design. Additionally, some people find it desirable purely for
reasons of conspicuous consumption—the chair with Ottoman retail
for around $3,200 or more in the US, depending on the selection of
veneer and leather (leathers by Edelman, recently offered by Herman
Miller, add considerably to the cost). In Europe, Vitra's versions
are considerably more expensive (around $9,000 for the classic
Palisander / black leather version). In part the appeal of the
chair comes from its comfort. The Eames focused first on usability
in their designs.
在埃姆斯休閒椅和脚踏，正確題為埃姆斯休息室（670）和脚踏（671），經過多年的發展，於 1956年被釋放設計師
Charles和Ray的Herman
Miller家具公司的埃姆斯。這是為高端市場設計的第一把交椅的埃姆斯。這些家具都是模壓膠合板和皮革。這些家具的例子是紐約現代藝術博物館永久收藏的一部分。
椅子是由3個彎曲的膠合板砲彈。在現代生產中的砲彈是由七木單板粘在一起，並在高溫高壓下形成的薄層。區分新的“原始”（葡萄酒）椅子使用巴西玫瑰木貼面和建造的5層膠合板椅子。又有別於新的集最早的集鋁刺，在最早的量產車型首次使用實木板，然後在以後的版本中使用硬質塑料墊圈之間的橡膠墊片。在前面的集，拉鍊周圍的墊子可能有棕色或黑色，以及在新的套拉鍊都是黑色的。砲彈和坐墊基本上是相同的形狀：兩個環環相扣，形成一個堅實的群眾的曲線形式組成。椅背和頭枕是相同的比例，座椅和脚踏。
Eameses不斷取得新材料的使用。這對夫妻的第一膠合板椅子的埃姆斯休閒椅木（LCW）一個沉重的橡膠墊圈粘在椅子的靠背和腰部支撐擰使用。這些墊圈，其中有被稱為“防震”，允許靠背彎曲稍。這項技術被帶回
670躺椅。靠背和頭枕都擰在了一起由一對鋁支持。暫停該單位是通過兩個連接點在扶手的座位上。扶手擰衝擊靠背外殼內部的坐騎，允許靠背和頭枕的彎曲椅子在使用時。這是部分椅子的不同尋常的設計，以及其最大的缺陷之一。橡膠墊圈牢固粘膠合板殼，但已被撕裂免費體重超標時，或當橡膠變老而脆。
創造性使用的其他材料的坐墊 -
避開標準裝訂或釘內飾。相反，墊縫拉鍊周圍的外緣，它們連接到硬塑料底板。依托詞綴一系列隱藏的剪輯和戒指的膠合板砲彈。這樣的設計，讓隱藏在扶手的防震螺釘或螺栓unmarred椅子外貼面。椅子有一個較低的座椅，這是永久固定在一個橫臥。鑄鋁基地椅子旋轉座椅，線程，因此，主席可能會保持水平的下滑。
它第一次出現在阿琳弗朗西斯“家”於 1956年在美國
NBC電視網播出的顯示。椅子已經成為標誌性的現代風格的設計，雖然當它首次被蕾伊默斯查爾斯在信中說，看著椅子“舒適和聯合國的designy”（原文如此）。查爾斯的願景是為用“的溫暖，一個經常使用的第一壘手的手套接受看”的椅子上。緊隨的亮相赫爾曼米勒推出了一個廣告運動，強調的的多功能性椅子。平面廣告描述了在一個陽光明媚的乾草領域中，由奶奶炮轟美國的哥特式風格的房子的前廊豌豆佔領，維多利亞式的客廳和670。一個顯著的廣告是為
Herman埃姆斯米勒警告消費者對模仿和仿冒。
自推出以來，主席赫爾曼米勒在美國已連續生產。後來，維特拉就開始為歐洲市場生產的椅子。緊隨其釋放其他家具企業開始複製椅子的設計。一些份，直接仿冒，另一些則僅僅是“影響”的設計。最顯著的Plycraft公司，現在已經不存在，發出幾十個椅子，直接模仿或在風格埃姆斯670。最近中國市場，以及其他的歐洲公司，也開始直接複製仿冒。然而，Herman
Miller和維特拉仍然只有兩家公司生產與埃姆斯名稱這些椅子。
在埃姆斯休閒椅呼籲人們有以下幾個原因。這是一個經典的設計，不斷自其成立以來一直在生產。另外的風格，也很舒服，並不總是在設計中找到一個結合。此外，有些人發現是可取的做法純粹是為顯眼的原因，消費，與脚踏帝國的零售主席為大約
$ 3,200或在美國，根據選擇單板和皮革（最近由Herman
Miller提供愛德曼，皮革，大大增加成本）。在歐洲，維特拉的版本是相當昂貴（9000美元左右的經典的花梨木/黑色皮革版本）。部分椅子的吸引力來自它的舒適度。
Eames的重點，首先在其設計中的可用性。
