陈述句、疑问句的间接引语
2015-10-20 15:10阅读：
北师大版高中英语必修5
Unit14 lesson 3：
陈述句、疑问句的间接引语
一、概念
直接引语：直接引述别人的话。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，它构成宾语从句。
(1) John said, “I like reading
novels.”
(2) John said that he liked
reading novels.
二、“八变”与“时态三不变”
1.
标点符号的变化：引号去掉，结尾标点变句号。
Lily said to me, “ Do you like
learning English?”
→ Lily asked me whether / if I
liked learning English.
2.
人称的变化：
一随主，二随宾，三不变
一随主：引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。
She said, “I like tennis.”
→ She said that she liked
tennis.
二随宾：引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。
He said to
Lily,“You must get up early” →He
told Lily that she must get up early.
三不变：引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变。
She said to
me，“They want to help him” →She told me that they
wanted to help him.
3.
转述动词的变化
陈述句：say /
said变为 tell / told
Mother said to me, “ I don’t
know.” → Mother told me that she didn’t know.
疑问句：say /
said变为ask / asked
Father said to me, “ Do you come
back today?” → Father asked me whether I went back that
day.
4.
时态的变化：引号内动词按递减规律变为相应的过去时态。
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时（不变）
过去进行时（不变）
She said to me, “I wrote a
letter to my parents three days ago”.
→She told me that she had
written a letter to her parents three days
before.
5.
时间状语的变化
直接引语
间接引语
now
then
ago
before
tonight
that
night
today
that
day
tomorrow
the next day/ the following day
yesterday
the day before
last week/month
the week/ month before
next week/month
the
next/ following week/ month
He said, “I spoke to them
yesterday”. → He said that he had spoken to
them the day before.
6.
地点状语的变化
直接引语
间接引语
here
there
Come here, please, he
said.
→ He asked me to come
here. 他叫我到这里来。（引述人地点不变）
→ He asked me to go
there. 他叫我到那里去。（引述人地点发生变化）
7.
指示代词的变化
直接引语
间接引语
this
that
these
those
“I grow these
tomatoes myself”, he said. →
He said that he grew those
tomatoes himself.
8.
方向性动词的变化
直接引语
间接引语
come
go
bring
take
He said to
me,“I
don’t want to come here.” →
He told me that he didn’t
want to go there.
He said to me ,“Can you bring me
a coat?” → He asked me if / whether I could take him a
coat.
时态三不变
1.
主句为现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态保持不变。
He thinks, “She will be back in
a month”.
→ He thinks she will be back in
a month.
2.
间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。
The teacher said to the
students, “The earth moves round the sun”.
→ The teacher told the students
that the earth moves round the sun.
3.
间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，仍用一般过去时。
The girl said, “I was born in
1978”. → The girl said that she was born in
1978.
三、句型
1.
陈述句
直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say,
tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
She said, “We are very fond of
sports”.→ She said that they were very fond of
sports.（that可省略）
2.
一般疑问句
一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask,
wonder等。句末不用问号。
My teacher asked me, “Do you
like American country music?”
→ My teacher asked me if /
whether I liked American country music.
3．特殊疑问句
间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。
He asked, “How do you like it?”
→ He asked me how I liked it.
