交易净利润法下的利润率指标解释及适用情形分析
2011-11-05 23:19阅读：
交易净利润法下的利润率指标解释及适用情形分析 张学斌
《特别纳税调整实施办法》第二十六条规定：交易净利润法以可比非关联交易的利润率指标确定关联交易的净利润。利润率指标包括资产收益率、销售利润率、完全成本加成率、贝里比率等。但是《办法》中并没有对各个利润指标进行详细的解释。
Article 26 of Implementation
Regulations for Special Tax Adjustments (Trial) stipulated:
Transactional net margin method(TNMM) refers to the methodology
where the profit-level indicators of comparable unrelated party
transactions are used to determine the net operating margin of the
related party transaction. The profit level
indicators(PLI)
includes return on assets
('ROA'), return on sales, net cost plus margin, Berry Ratio,
etc. But didn’t
interpret every
PLI in detail
交易净利润法下
的
四个利润率指标的计算公式如下表
1：
表1：四个利润指标的计算公式
Table 1: The
Formula of
PLI
利润率指标PLI
|
计算公式Formula
|
资产收益率Return on Assets(ROA)
|
营业利润÷营运资产
Operating Profits/Operating
Assets
|
销售利润率Operating Margin
|
营业利润÷营业收入
Operating Profits/Net
Sales
|
完全成本加成率
Net Cost Plus Margin
|
营业利润÷（营业成本＋营运费用）
Operating Profits/Total
Costs
|
贝里比率Berry
Ratio
|
毛利润÷营运费用
Gross Profits/Operating
Expenses
|
计算公式中各个财务指标的口径分别如下表2：
表2：计算公式中财务指标的口径
Table 2: The statement of
financial indicators in the formula
指标名称Name of Indicator
|
指标口径
Statement of
Indicator
|
营业收入Net
Sales
|
是按会计准则进行确认和计量并扣除销售折扣和折让后的净销售额。It is net of discounts and returns and is
calculated using accounting standard
|
营业利润Operating Profits
|
是毛利润减去运营费用后的余额，不包括利息、股息和红利、特别收益及与企业持续经营无关的损失的金额。
It means gross profit less
Operating Expenses, excludes interest and dividends and
extraordinary gains and losses that do not relate to the continuing
operations.
|
营运费用Operating Expenses
|
是除销售成本、利息费用、所得税外的费用，通常包括广告、推广、销售、市场、仓储、分销、管理和固定的折旧和摊销等费用。
It includes all expenses not
included in cost of goods sold except interest expense and income
taxes. It ordinarily includes advertising, promotion, sales
expenses, marketing, warehouse and distribution, administration,
and a reasonable allowance for depreciation and
amortization.
|
毛利润Gross
profits
|
是营业收入减去营业成本后的余额。
It means net sales less cost of
goods sold.
|
营运资产
|
是企业营业活动中的所有资产，通常包括固定资产和流动资产，但是不包括股权投资、盈余资金以及证券投资。营运资产可以用其账面净值或公允价值计量，此外，应考虑企业最近的兼并、租赁资产、无形资产、通货膨胀以及在企业财务报表中不明确的记录对营运资产的影响。营运资产一般采用年初加年末的平均值.
It means the value of all
assets used in the relevant business activity of the tested party,
including fixed assets and current
assets（such
as cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and
inventories）.It does not
include investments in subsidiaries, excess cash, and portfolio
investments. It may be measured by their net book value or by their
fair market value. In addition, it may be necessary to take into
account recent acquisitions, leased assets, intangibles, currency
fluctuations, and other items that may not be explicitly recorded
in the financial statements of the tested party or uncontrolled
comparable. It must be measured by the average of the values for
the beginning of the year and the end of the year, unless
substantial fluctuations in the value of operating assets during
the year make this an inaccurate measure of the average value over
the year.
|
备注：由于在 OSIRIS
数据库中很难确定常规营运资本需求外的“盈余资金”的数额，因此，在计算营运资产收益率时，一般将现金及现金等价物作为
“盈余资金”从营运资产中剔除。
特别注意Special
Attentions：
1、以上计算公式中各个财务指标的口径最为重要的是被测试方与非受控的可比方保持一致；
Above noted formulas of every
financial indicator, it is the most importantly that it is
consistent with between the statement of the tested party and
uncontrolled comparables.
2、在OSIRIS数据库中的利润表的格式与我国会计准则利润表中格式和一些项目表述的差异，如主营业务成、营业税金及附加和其他业务利润等。
There are differences between
income statement formats and some items expression in the database
OSIRIS and in china accounting standards, such as cost of sales,
sales tax and other operating profit, etc.
各个利润率指标的适应情形如下表3
表3：各个利润率指标适应情形
Tabel 3: Every PLI often used
to test
利润率指标PLI
|
适用测试的情形Often Used to Test
|
资产收益率Return on Assets(ROA)
|
生产制造商Manufacturers
|
销售利润率Operating Margin
|
分销商Distributors
|
完全成本加成率
Net Cost Plus Margin
|
服务提供商及合约制造商Service providers and contract
manufacturers
|
贝里比率Berry
Ratio
|
有限风险或低功能的分销商Limited risk or low-s distributors
|
