【2011年11月11日】美文赏析课程笔记，transient days匆匆
2011-11-11 12:33阅读：
【蓝色部分为原文，后面是该部分笔记。笔记只有单词链接与翻译，背景知识等不列入。欢迎大家对授课内容和授课方式提出建议。：）Amoor谢谢各位捧场
Transient Days 匆匆
作者，朱自清；译员，张培基
transient[【'trænʃənt,】
Lasting a very short
time
EG
Life is transient.人生如朝露。
这些形容词均含“短暂的，瞬息的”之意。
temporary: 普通用词，其反义是perman
ent。指持续有限的可计时间，着重暂时的存在、应用或效应。
The boss
hired some temporary
workers.老板雇佣了一些临时工。
momentary:
指瞬时即逝的，也表明间很短的。意思是“瞬刻的”、“暂时的”（transitory or lasting only
for a moment），其后常跟pain、interruption、expectation、happiness、emotion等词，其同义词是transient/；反义词是lasting.
transient: 指停留或延续的时间很短。
Fleeting：短暂的 疾驰而过的
The prime of
life is that fleeting time
between green and overripe.人生盛年是处于青涩和过孰之间的短暂时光。
【speech/piece of
writing:】
brief, concise,【kən'sais
简明】 condensed【kən'denst
浓缩 condensed milk 炼奶】,
abridged【ə'bridʒd 删节的】
【person:】 not very tall,
little, tiny, petite【pə'ti:t
女生娇小】
【time/event:】 brief, quick,
momentary, fleeting, transient,
passing, short-lived
【legs/fingers:】 stumpy,【'stʌmpi
短胖的】
If swallows go
away, they will come back
again.
If willows
wither, they will
turn green again.
If peach blossoms
fade, they will flower again.
But, tell me, you
the wise, why should our
days go by never to
return?
Perhaps they have
been stolen by someone. But
who could it be and where
could he hide them?
Perhaps they have
just run away by themselves.
But where could they be
at the present
moment?
燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的你，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了罢：现在又到了哪里呢？
wither :
1. wither, as with
a loss of moisture
失去水分
Eg The
grapes withered on the
vine【vain藤】. 葡萄藤上的葡萄都干瘪了。
2. lose freshness, vigor,
or vitality 枯萎
Eg
Remove an old tree
and it will wither to
death.[谚]老树移栽活不了，老人迁居命不长。
The cold withered
the leaves.严寒使树叶凋落。
同义词:
fade
As evening came
the coastline faded into
darkness.夜晚来临，海岸线融入茫茫夜色中。
I don't
know how many days I am
entitled
to altogether, but my
quota of them
is undoubtedly wearing
away. Counting up
silently, I find that more
than 8,000 days have already
slipped away through
my fingers. Like a drop
of water falling off a
needle point into the ocean,
my days are quietly
dripping into the
stream of time without leaving
a trace. At the thought
of this, sweat
oozes from my
forehead and tears
trickle down my
cheeks.
我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。
Entitle
1 to give someone the
official right to do or
have something有权。。。
be entitled to
(do) something
Full-time employees
are entitled to receive health
insurance.
entitle somebody
to something
Membership entitles
you to the monthly
journal.
2【be
entitled something】if a book,
play etc is entitled something,
that is its name:
The new book is
entitled Love
Story.这本新书名叫《爱情故事》。
Quota
share vt.分享, 分配,
共...
proportion n.部份,
比例, 均衡...
ration n.定额, 定量,
配给...
percentage
n.百分率,
比例, 部...
Wear away
Wear
1 to have something such
as clothes, shoes, or jewellery
on your body: 穿戴
Susanna was
wearing a black silk
dress.
wear a seat
belt (=have it around
yourself) 系安全带
２to have a
particular expression on your
face
wear a
smile/frown/grin咧嘴笑
etc
His face wore a welcoming
smile.
Wear away 消逝, 磨损,
消耗殆尽
The inscription
on the stone had worn
away.刻在石头上的文字已磨损了。
My patience is almost
worn away by her endless
complaints。她抱怨个不停，几乎使我的耐性消耗殆尽。
近义词：rust 生锈
'if i
rest, i rust' by
orison marden
Slip [i]
1【fall
or slide】[intransitive] to slide a
short distance accidentally, and
fall or lose your balance
slightly: 滑
slip on
He slipped on
the ice.
2【go
somewhere】[intransitive always +
adverb/preposition] to go somewhere,
without attracting other people's
attention [= slide]: 溜走
Ben slipped quietly out of
the room.
The fish slipped
out of my hand.那条鱼从我手中滑掉了。
You are not going
to let a wonderful chance
like that slip through your
fingers, are you?你不会错过那样的好机会，对吗？
3【put
something somewhere】[transitive always
+ adverb/preposition] to put
something somewhere quietly or
smoothly [= slide]: 悄悄的放
Ann slipped the
book into her bag.
4【give
something to somebody】[transitive] to
give someone something secretly
or without attracting much
attention 悄悄的给
slip somebody
something
I slipped him
a ten-dollar bill to keep
quiet. 我塞给他十块钱让他闭嘴
5move[intransitive] to move smoothly,
especially off or from
something: 缓慢滑动
slip off/down/from
etc
He watched the
sun slip down behind the
mountains.
这些动词均可表示“滑动”之意。
Slide [ai]:
Slide means to move
smoothly across a surface. You
can talk about people, objects,
or liquids sliding
通常多指与光滑表面保持接触并且迅速地连续滑动。
A tear
slid down her cheek.
slip: Slip means
to accidentally slide a small
distance, and usually then fall
down
指不自觉地、偶然地滑动。有失足的含义
She
slipped and hurt her wrist.
翻译: 树干从山坡滑进了下方的河里。
错句: The tree
trunks slipped down the mountain
side to the river
below.
订正: The tree
trunks slid down the mountain
side to the river
below.
Glide[ai]: 指自由、顺畅地流动，也指不费力、无声响地滑动。
The figure skater glided
gracefully over the ice.
花样滑冰者在冰上优雅地滑行。
Skid[i]: Skid
means to move across a
smooth surface in an
uncontrolled way. You usually
use it to talk about
vehicles着重指不自主地或失去控制地滑动，特指车轮在结冰或潮湿路面上的滑动，常暗含有危险存在的意味。
He braked suddenly, causing the
front wheels to skid.他猛然刹车，使得前车轮打滑了。
• Jason skidded around the
corner on his bike.
Drip n v 【水滴的质感】
1 [intransitive and transitive]
to let liquid fall in
drops:
A drip of
water fell from the tap.
从龙头滴下一滴水。
drip blood/water/sweat
etc
John came in,
his arm dripping
blood.
drip down/from
etc
The rain dripped
down his neck.
3【be
dripping with something】to contain
or be covered in a lot
of something 被。。覆盖
be dripping with
jewels/gems/pearls etc
All the princes
were dripping with
gems.宝石【dʒem】
His tone was
now dripping with
sarcasm.他的语调带着讥讽的意味。
Moonlight dripped through the
leaves．月光透过树叶洒下来。
近义词 ooze trickle
Ooze 渗出, 泄漏,
流露
1 if a thick liquid oozes
from something or if something
oozes a thick liquid, that
liquid flows from it very
slowly
ooze from/out of/through
The ice cream
was melting and oozing out
of its wrapper.
A cut on
his cheek was still oozing
blood.渗血
2 to show a lot of
a particular quality or feeling:
Andrew laughed
gently, oozing charm.
She was simply oozing (with)
charm.她浑身散发着魅力。
Trickle 滴流,
慢慢移动
n v
河流
if liquid trickles somewhere,
it flows slowly in drops
or in a thin stream
trickle down/into/out
The tears
trickled down her
cheeks.
A river
that flowed out of the
lake was reduced to a
trickle. 一条曾经从该湖流出的小河，现在已经变成了一条滴流。
Only a
trickle of water came out
of the pipe.管子里淌出来的只是小小的细流。
Trickle-down economics“国富优先”
What is gone is
gone, what is to come
keeps coming. How swift
is the
transition in
between! When I get up in
the morning, the slanting sun
casts two or three squarish
patches of light into my
small room. The sun has
feet too, edging
away softly and
stealthily. And, without knowing
it, I am already caught
in its revolution .
去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着；去来的中间，又怎样地匆匆呢？早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转。
Swift adj
快的 迅速的 敏捷的
1 happening or done quickly
and immediately:
My letter received a swift
reply.
She shot a swift glance at
Paul.
The president promised swift and
effective retribution
【retri'bju:ʃən惩罚】against
the terrorists.总统答应会迅速有效地惩罚恐怖分子。
2 [only before noun] moving,
or able to move, very
fast:
a swift runner
She wiped her tears away
in one swift movement.
【moving very
quickly:】 at high
speed, like lightning, at top
speed, flat out
【doing something
quickly:】 quick,
rapid, swift, prompt,
speedy
【happening quickly:
】rapid, speedy,
meteoric, at an alarming rate,
in no time
fast 快的, 迅速的,...
quick 迅速的, 快的,...
rapid 短时间发生的,骤然上升，急速
hasty 匆匆的, 轻率...
I don't think it's
right to make such a
hasty decision.我认为如此仓促地做出决定是不正确的。
Transition 转变 过渡
V正式
Such a
sudden transition must affect
her and ice her over.这样的一个突然变化一定会影响她，使她变得冷淡而克制起来。
这些动词均含有“变化，改变”之意。
change: 指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。
In autumn
the leaves change from green
to brown.秋天树叶由绿色变成黄褐色。
alter:['ɔ:ltə] 常指轻微的改变，强调基本上保持原物、原状的情况下所进行的部分改变。
Circumstances alter
cases.[谚]具体情况具体分析。
vary: 暗示不规则或断断续续地变。
She varied her
dress as fashion
changes.她的衣着随着潮流而变化。
convert: 指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。
The solar cell can
convert the energy of sunlight
into electric energy.太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。
modify: 强调起限定作用的变化或变更。指细小的变化，常含“缓和、降调”的意味。
He'll have to modify
his views if he wants to
be elected.他要想当选就得把观点改得缓和些。
transform: 指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。
The
magician【mə'dʒiʃən】
transformed the
frog into a
prince.魔术师把青蛙变成了王子。
turn: 指外形、颜色、气味、性质等方面的变化，比change更通俗。
Edge away
徐徐走过
1【move】[intransitive,transitive always +
adverb/preposition] to move gradually
with several small movements, or
to make something do this:
慢慢走
Tim was edging away from
the crowd.
The root of the big tree
trends to edge away the
corner stone.这棵大树的根可能会把墙角石顶走。
2【put
at edge】[transitive usually passive]
to put something on the
edge or border of something:
给。加边
The city square
was edged by trees. 树木围绕着城市
3【change】[intransitive,transitive always +
adverb/preposition] to change
gradually, especially so as to
get better or worse缓慢改变
edge up/down
Profits have
edged up. 利润增加
The paper has
edged ahead of (=been more
successful than) its
rivals.
Thus the day flows
away through the sink when
I wash my hands;
vanishes in
the rice bowl when I have
my meal;
passes away quietly
before the fixed
gaze of my eyes
when I am lost in
reverie.
Aware of its
fleeting presence, I
reach out for it only to
find it brushing past my
out-stretched hands.
In the evening,
when I lie on my bed,
it nimbly strides
over my body and
flits past my feet.
于是——洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去。天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过，从我脚边飞去了。
By the time when
I open my eyes to meet
the sun again, another day
is already gone.
I heave a sign,
my head buried in my
hands.
But, in the midst
of my sighs, a new day
is flashing past.
等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。我掩着面叹息。但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。
Vanish v 消失 绝迹
不见
1 to disappear suddenly,
especially in a way that
cannot be easily explained:
He seemed to vanish
into thin air.他不留痕迹地消失了。
My keys were
here a minute ago but now
they've vanished.
vanish without
(a) trace/vanish off the face
of the earth (=disappear so
that no sign remains)
The bird
vanished from sight.鸟儿从视线中消失
She seemed to
have just vanished into thin
air. (=suddenly disappeared in a
very mysterious way)
2 to suddenly stop existing
[= disappear]
vanish from
By the 1930s,
the wolf had vanished from
the American West.
Many types
of animals have now vanished
from the earth.很多种类的动物现在已经从地球上绝迹了。
“消失”
vanish: 语气强，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛丝马迹。
disappear: 普通用词，强调从视线或脑海中消失。这消失可能是暂时的、突然的或永久的，视上下文而定。
fade: 侧重逐渐消失。
evaporate: 指像水蒸发时那样悄然逝去，也指某人悄悄地、突然退出或离去。
Gaze v 凝视
[intransitive always +
adverb/preposition]
to look at someone or
something for a long time,
giving it all your attention,
often without realizing you are
doing so [= stare]
gaze into/at etc
His steady gaze did
not waver.他目不转睛地注视著。红楼
She turned her head away,
feeling too ashamed to meet
his gaze.因为害羞而不敢和他凝视的目光相遇，她把头扭开了。
这组动词都与“看”有关。
glance: means 'to
look quickly and deliberately'
and a glance is the act
of quickly looking at someone
or something意为“匆匆一瞥”，是不及物动词，其后必须接介词at,
over等才可以接宾语。
He glanced at his
watch.他匆匆看了一下手表。
stare: 意为“凝视”，它也是一个不及物动词，其后通常接介词at才能接宾语。
She stared at him
in surprise.她惊讶地瞪着他看。
glare: 意为“怒视；瞪眼”，也是不及物动词，其后要接介词at后才能接宾语。
They stood glaring at each
other.他们互相怒目而视地站着。
glimpse (verb) means 'to
see something or someone by
chance for a very short
time' and a glimpse is a
sight that you see by
chance for a very short
time 偶然一瞥
I glimpsed someone
behind the curtain.
门帘
We got a
glimpse of her face
as she hurried past.
See means to notice
something with your eyes, either
deliberately or accidentally
注意到
A few people saw
him take the bag.
Watch means to deliberately
pay attention to something for
quite a long time
He watched her
leave.
【复习】这些形容词均含“短暂的，瞬息的”之意。
temporary: 普通用词，其反义是permanent。指持续有限的可计时间，着重暂时的存在、应用或效应。
momentary: 指瞬时即逝的，也表明间很短的。意思是“瞬刻的”、“暂时的”（transitory or lasting only
for a moment），其后常跟pain、interruption、expectation、happiness、emotion等词，其同义词是transient/；反义词是lasting.
transient: 指停留或延续的时间很短。
Fleeting：短暂的 疾驰而过的
The prime of life is that
fleeting time between green and
overripe.人生盛年是处于青涩和过孰之间的短暂时光。
Stride 跨过 大步迈过
n
一大步
to walk quickly with long
steps [↪ march]
stride across/into/down
etc
He strode toward
her.
China is
striding ahead in her economic
construction.中国正在经济建设方面大步前进。
Some
people find retiring difficult,
but he has taken it all
in his stride.有些人觉得退休生活很艰难,但他轻而易举地适应了。
这些动词均有“行走，徒步”之意。
walk: 最常用词，中性词，指除跑、跳之外所有移步的动作。
stride: in a confident
or angry way着重步子大而且节奏有力，流露出匆忙、烦恼、得意等情绪。
pace: 指踱步，走步。
step: 多用来指“短步，台步或急步”。
Wander with no aim
or direction漫步 i wandered lonly as a
cloud 我似流云天自游
华兹华斯
stroll in a relaxed
way for pleasure
march
soldiers进军
hike for long distances
in the countryside or the
mountains 徒步旅行
tiptoe very
quietly悄悄走
Stagger【'stægə】
蹒跚in an
unsteady way because you are
drunk or injured
limp 【limp】一瘸一拐的走with difficulty
because one leg is painful
or injured
Living
in this world with its
fleeting days and
teeming millions,
what can I do but
waver and wander
and live a transient life?
What have I been doing
during the 8,000 fleeting days
except wavering and wandering?
The bygone days, like
wisps of smoke,
have been dispersed by gentle
winds, and, like thin mists,
have been evaporated
by the rising sun.
What traces have
I left behind? No, nothing,
not even gossamer-like traces. I
have come to this world
stark naked, and in the
twinkling of an eye, I am
to go to back as stark
naked as ever. However, I
am taking it very much to
heart: why should I be
made to pass through this
world for nothing at
all?
在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？过去的日子如轻烟，被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢？我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢？但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？
Teeming
1 full of people, animals
etc that are all moving
around: 热闹的
the teeming streets of the
city
His mind was
still teeming with various
projects. 他的脑子里依然塞满了各式各样的计划。
2 British English teeming
rain is very heavy
rain:
She walked home
thradj.
Waver v
1 to become weaker or less
certain: 动摇
颤抖
Her voice
wavered uncertainly.
The students'
attention did not waver.
waver in
Harris never
wavered in his loyalty.
waver from
We were
determined not to waver from
our goals.
2 to not make a decision
because you have doubts:
不能下决心
waver between something
and something
The party
wavered between free trade and
protectionism. 党派在自由贸易和贸易保护中摇摆不定
3 to move gently in
several different directions:
The candle flame wavered,
throwing shadows on the wall.
烛光闪烁在墙上投射出阴影
Wisp n
1 a wisp of hair, grass,
hay etc is a thin piece
of it that is separate
from the rest 一缕头发
wisp of
A wisp of
hair had escaped from under
her hat.
2 a wisp of smoke, cloud,
mist etc is a small thin
line of it that rises
upwards 一股烟雾
wisp of
Wisps of smoke
rose into the air.
Evaporate v
1 [intransitive and transitive]if
a liquid evaporates, or if
heat evaporates it, it changes
into a gas: 蒸发
Most of the
water had evaporated.
2 [intransitive] if a feeling
evaporates, it slowly disappears:
His courage had
evaporated away.
Trace n
1【sign
of something】[uncountable and
countable] a small sign that
shows that someone or something
was present or existed:
证据
There was no
trace of anyone having entered
the room since then.
disappear/vanish/sink without
(a) trace (=disappear completely,
without leaving any sign of
what happened)
The plane
vanished without a trace.
O
you the wise, would you
tell me please: why should
our days go by never to
return?
你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？
