[转载]自己整理的英国文学史框架，有兴趣的可参考
2013-06-16 12:54阅读：
英国文学史框架
Part I: The Anglo-Saxon Period
(449-1066)
这一时期的文学主要分为两个部分：
(1)异教文学（Pagan）: Anglo-saxon人带来的口头萨迦（saga），即北欧海盗传说。
The Song of Beowulf:
写于公元10世纪，并于1705被发现的六世纪初的故事。全诗共3182行。
Widsith or The Traveller’s Song
The Seafarer
(2) 基督教文学（Christian）：包括圣经解释和宗教诗歌。
Part II: The Anglo-Norman Period (1066-1350)
这一时期的文学主要分为三个类别：
Matter of France: Chanson de Roland
Matter of Greece and Rome: 亚历山大的故事和the fall of Troy
Matter of Britain: 亚瑟王及圆桌骑士的故事。Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight
Part III: Geoffery Chaucer
(1340?-1400)
（1）Geoffery Chaucer: “the father of Eng
lish poetry”。主要采用tonico-syllabic verse。对英语文学语言的形成做出了很大贡献。
The Canterbury Tales (24 tales):
作品中渗透了文艺复兴时期的自由思想。信仰人的俗世快乐，倡导人们走出迷信与对命运的盲从。同时也夸赞了人的精力、机敏、智慧和对生活的热爱。
长诗：Troilus and Cressie, based upon Baccaccio’s
poem – Filostrato。
（2）Popular Ballads
Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by
oral transmission.
多为叙事诗，讲述各种各样的故事。最常见的形式为：4行一节（quatrain），1、2和3、4行各成一组，2、4行入尾韵。1、3行有4个重音，2、4行有3个重音。
Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale
Sir Patrick Spens
Lord Randal
The Wife of Usher’s Well
The Three Ravens
Get up and Bar the Door
Part IV: The Renaissance
英国文艺复兴的三个阶段：（1）初期：1516-1578；（2）鼎盛期（the
Elizabethan Period）：1578-1625；（3）后期：1625-1660。
文艺复兴的两大特点：
A thirsting curiosity for the classical literature;
The keen interest in the acitivities of humanity (
Admiration for human beauty and human achievement, a feeling in
sharp contrast with theology.)
I. Playwrights
(1) William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
莎士比亚文学生涯的四个阶段：
I) Period of Early Experimentation
Marked by youthfulness and exuberance of imagination; by
extravagance of language; and by the frequent use of rimed couplets
with his blanc verse.
Plays:
Love’s Labour’s Lost
Two Gentlemen of Verona
Richard III
Poetry:
Venus and Adonic
The Rape of Lucrece
II) Period of Rapid Growth and Development(1595-1600)
Historical plays and romantic comedies:
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
The Merchant of Venice
As You Like It
Richard II
Henry IV
Henry V
Romeo and Juliet
The Life and Death of Julius Caesar
III) Period of Gloom and Depression (1600-1607)
Devoted largely to tragedies and sonnets.
The four great tragedies:
Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
Othello, the Moore of Venice
King Lear
The Tragedy of Mecbeth
IV) Period of Calm After Storm (1608-1613)
With a spirit of serenity and optimism. Turned to comedies
again.
The Winter’s Tale
The Tempest
(2) Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593): One of the “University
Wits” . Made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in
drama.
Tamburlaine the Great
The Jew of Malta
The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus
(3) Ben Jonson (1572-1637) : Generally regarded as first Poet
Laureate.
Every Man in His Humour
Volpone
The Alchemist
The Silent Woman
(4) Robert Greene (1560-1592)：One of the “University
Wits”
II. Poets
(1) Edmund Spenser(1552-1599) 被称为“the poet of
poets”。主要作品：
长诗：(1)The Faerie Queene; (2) The Shepherd’s
Calender; (3) Epithalamion
十四行诗集：Amoretti, 由89首十四行诗组成。献给其第二任妻子伊丽莎白。
“Spenserian Stanza”: 共九行，前八行为抑扬格五音步（iambic
pentameter），最后一行为抑扬格6音步（iambic hexameter）。
(2) Thomas Wyatt(1503?-1542).
第一位将十四行诗（sonnet）介绍到英国的诗人。
(3) John Lyly (1554?-1606). The Prose romance Euphues, or
the Anatomy of Wit (1578). Euphues is Greek for 'graceful.'
Euphuism, as the elaborate prose style modelled on Lyly
came to be called, was at the height of popularity in the 1580s.
Euphuistic style has two features:
an especially elaborate sentence structure based on parallel
figures from the ancient rhetorics and a wealth of ornament
including proverbs, incidents from history and poetry, proverbs,
and similes drawn from pseudoscience, from Pliny, from textbooks,
or from the author's imagination.
III. Essayist
(1) Francis Bacon(1561-1626). 著名的散文有：Of Studies; Of Truth;
Of Beauty等。哲学著作：(1) The Advancement of Learning
(English, 1605); (2) Novum Organum,(Latin, 1620); (3) De
Augmentis(Latin, 1623).
(2) Thomas More(1478-1535). Utopia
(1516).
