《新标准大学英语》第四册课后练习汉译英翻译答案
2013-06-20 08:38阅读：
Unit 1
我认为，选修第二专业并不合适每一位本科生。我大学本科主修英语专业，大一时就开始辅修经济学了。无疑，我是班里最用功的学生。我竭尽全力想同时达到两个不同专业的要求，但还是有不及格的时候。因为经济学需要良好的数学基础，我不得不花大量时间钻研数学，因而忽略了英语学习。
第二学期，《英国文学》及《宏观经济学》两门课不及格给我敲响了警种，这可是我一生中第一次考试不及格，这大大打击了我的自信心。虽然我不是一个容易向命运低头的人，在暑假结束的时候，我还是决定放弃经济学，以免两个专业都难以完成。当我只需修一个专业的时候，一切似乎又回到了正轨。
If you ask me, taking a
second major isn’t
good for every undergraduate.
In my freshman
year as an English major,
I took economics as my
minor. By all
odds, I was the most
hard-working student in my
class. But try
as I
might to meet the requirements
of the two different subjects,
I still
couldn’t do well
enough to pass all the
exams. Given that
the study of economics required
a good command of mathematics,
I had to
spend so much time on
math that I neglected my
English.
Failing
English Literature
and Macro-economics
in the second semester
sounded the alarm for me.
This was the first time I
did not pass a course in
my life, which had greatly
sapped my confidence. Although I
was not a man who would
easily bow to fate, as
the summer break came to
a close, I decided to
give up economics for fear
that I would fail in both
subjects. Now that I had
only one subject to attend
to, everything seemed to be
on the right track again.
Unit 2
张磊是在毕业工作后才开始意识到读书的乐趣的。反思自己的大学教育时，他感慨不已：他的一些同学都沉浸于从图书馆或书店找到的各种有趣的书籍，而他却只读了一些教科书，其中连一本真正值得一读、让他爱不释手的书都没有。他可以说是被剥夺了通过书了解作家奇妙世界的特权。
如今，他嗜书如命，废寝忘食，好像要把大学期间没机会读的好书全都读一遍。到目前为止他已经利用业余时间读了几百本小说、传记和游记。他意识到书不仅能向他展示一个充满希望的前景，帮他消除现实生活中的压力和疲劳，而且能够帮他澄清一些误解，找到生活的真谛。
It was not until after he
had graduated from university
and started to work that
Zhang Lei became aware of
the pleasure of reading.
Reflecting on his
undergraduate studies, he lamented
that he, unlike some of
his classmates who had
immersed themselves in
various interesting books they
were able to lay
hands on from the
library or bookshop, had only
read textbooks, none of which
was really
worthwhile, or could
be read in one
sitting. He was deprived
of the privilege
of gaining access to the
writers’ fantastic worlds through
the windows their books have
opened, so to
speak.
Now he has become an avid
and omnivorous reader. It is
as if he wants to read
all those marvelous books he
hadn’t had a chance to
read in his university days.
By now, in his spare
time, he has read several
hundreds of books, including
novels, biographies and travel
notes. He realizes that books
can not only reveal to
him the vista
of a hopeful future and
help him withstand
stresses and strains, they
can also help him clear
up some misconceptions and
discover the true meaning of
the life.
Unit 3
一个人的穿着似乎能影响他的行为方式。譬如，在校内要穿校服是中小学生所必须严格遵守的规矩之一。倘若在学生着装整齐划一和行为的统一规范之间不存在一种象征性关联的话，校服便不可能如此盛行。
然而，多年的学校生活让学生在内心里对随处可见的校服产生了抵触情绪，校服毕竟压制了个性的表达。为了弥补这种损失，学生常常会在周末穿流行的休闲装。直到上了大学，他们才会享受真正的着装自由，而服装上的无序与大学培养创造力、鼓励自由表达思想及展露才华密切相关。可惜这样的好景不会太长，经过一段相对短暂的自由之后，他们在毕业工作之后将再次经历着装规范的压力。(hard
and fast; there is no
doubt that; currency; correlation;
backlash; ubiquitous; compensate for;
anarchy; obtain; revive)
What you wear seems to
dictate your behaviour. Take
primary school and high school
students for example. One of
the hard and fast
rules they have to observe
is that they must wear
uniforms at school.
There is
no doubt that school
uniforms would not have achieved
their currency without a
symbolic correlation between the
uniformity of clothes and the
students’ conformity to some
common code of conduct.
However, after years
of school life, there is
always a backlash
secretly nursed in the
students’ mind against the
ubiquitous uniform
which suppresses the expression
of individuality. To
compensate for this
loss, students usually wear more
casual and popular clothes on
weekends. It is not until
they start university, however,
that they can really enjoy
the freedom of dress, an
anarchy associated
with the cultivation of
creativity and the encouragement
of free expression of ideas
and talents. But
this situation won’t
obtain for long.
After a relatively short time
of liberty, they may experience
again the revived
pressure of dress code as
soon as they become
professionals.
Unit 4
谈及目前经济萧条所带来的影响，学生活动的减少就是一个很好的例证。为了活跃校园生活，大学愿意划拨一部分资金来资助学生社团活动，但由于今年学校的预算大幅减少，对社团的资助也相应缩减了不少。显然，学生社团要恢复以前的活力就必须想办法克服自身的经济困难。有人主张招募更多会员，因为会员费的增加可以帮助他们度过难关。
当然，如果有更多的会员交年费，而且缩减一些日常开支，我们还是能省下一些钱来组织活动的。但是，问题的关键在于社团活动的费用与参加活动的人数是成正比的，因此这种方法恐怕不太可行。要推进社团活动，同时又不使经费超支，我们必须群策群力，拿出别的筹钱方法，而不是仅仅依赖学校拨款和会员费。
When it comes to the
effects of the current economic
downturn, the decrease of
student activities is a good
case in point. To enliven
campus life, the university is
always willing to carve out
some money for activities
organized by student clubs and
societies, but such sponsorships
have been pared down this
year because of huge budget
cut. Apparently,
student organizations need to
weather their own financial
crisis if they want to
recover from their current state
of inactiveness. Some suggest
enrolling more club members, on
the ground that the consequent
increase of membership fees may
help them get out of the
difficulty.
No doubt, if we have more
members paying the annual fee,
and if we cut back on
our daily expenses, we can
spare some money for organizing
activities. But the bottom line
is that the expenses of
these activities are in
proportion to the number of
participants. I’m afraid this
won’t be of much help. To
boost student activities and to
avoid going into the red,
we still need to pool our
ideas and come up with
some other ways of raising
money, in lieu of relying
only on university grants and
membership fees.
Unit 5
我们对理想丈夫或理想妻子的假设显示出我们的性别期待以及我们对性别期待的反应。如果大多数年轻姑娘希望她们的未婚夫强悍、能干、可靠，那么小伙子们也就别无选择，只能把自己训练得强悍、能干、可靠，这样才能赢得女孩子的芳心。如果他们的做法与性别期待背道而驰，那么他们很可能会在悲叹自己的光棍生涯中度过下半辈子。根据同样的不成文法则，如果多数年轻男子希望他们的未婚妻温柔体贴、耐心、忠贞，认为这些比什么都重要，那么姑娘即便不是这种人，也会假装自己将来会成为贤妻良母。
深入研究一下这种性别期待，我们就会发现这是受生理和社会因素制约的。无疑，女性为孕育婴儿做好了生理准备，而男人则完全不适合这项工作。男人只有努力挣钱养家，才能让一家人过上好日子。
Our presumptions about what ideal
husbands or wives are like
reveal a lot about our
gender expectations as well as
our responses to them. If
most girls want their fiancés
to be tough, capable and
reliable, there is no option
left for young men other
than to be trained as
tough, capable and reliable if
they want to win girls’
heart. If they act to the
contrary, they will most
probably bemoan their bachelor’s
status for the rest of
their lives. Following the same
unwritten rule, if most boys
expect their fiancées to be
caring, patient and faithful
more than anything else, girls
are prone to let on that
they will become faithful wives
and loving mothers even if
they are not the
type.
Looking into such gender
expectations, we may find that
they are based on both
physiological and social factors.
It goes without saying
that women are
physically prepared to bear
children, whereas men are
utterly unfit for the job.
Therefore, a family is
better-off when its male members
devote their time to providing
food and other necessities for
it.
Unit 6
为保证校园的安全，校方最近发布了一项新的规定，禁止小商贩进入校园。校长呼吁学生在这件事上与学校合作。学生们表示强烈反对，几百名学生在学校的BBS上表达了他们的愤怒。他们说，因为校园离市中心很远，校内商店里的货品又不多，把小贩赶出校园就无异于把学生扔到孤岛上。有些人提出，正是在这样的事情上，学校应该听取学生的意见和需求。有些学生认为，这项规定能让校园更安全的想法是错误的。
学生的反应让校长感到震惊，为弥补过失，他宣布学校将重新考虑这项规定。他对学生说，他们完全有权力过上方便、舒适的生活，但校园的安全也同样重要。他还提议在校园里建一个大超市，在宿舍楼附近开一些便利店(convenience
store)，这样就能大大方便学生们的生活。(it’s
for matters of this kind;
get sth wrong; make amends;
be entitled to)
To make the campus safer,
the university authorities recently
released a new regulation that
forbids any vendors from
entering the campus, and the
president called on the students
to cooperate with the university
on this matter. But the
students’ opposition was strong,
and hundreds of them expressed
their anger on the university
BBS. They said that to
keep vendors off campus is
like deserting students on an
isolated island, as the
university was far away from
the downtown and the shops
on the campus did not
provide enough commodities. Some
claimed that it was precisely
for matters of this
kind that university
should listen to students’
opinions and needs. Some
students thought the university
had got it wrong in
believing that this regulation
will ensure safety on
campus.
Shocked by the students’
reaction, the president tried to
make amends for his mistake
by announcing that the
university will look into this
new regulation again. He told
students that they were
entitled to live a
convenient and comfortable life,
but safety is just as
much an important concern as
that. He proposed to build
a big supermarket within the
campus and some convenient
stores near dormitory buildings,
which would certainly make
students’ life much
easier.
Unit 7
在毕业典礼上，一家知名IT公司的经验丰富的 CTO托马斯·克拉克给140名渴望在IT行业干出一番事业的计算机科学专业的学生提出了一些重要建议。在他看来，信息技术不仅仅是组装机器和装置。在这个领域，创新起着关键的作用。所以
IT
工作者自然要承受巨大的压力，因为他们每天都要想出一些新点子。
但是克拉克也指出，IT
行业的最终目标是利润。如果你想在这个领域获得成功，你应该牢记创新并不等同于个人主义。值得注意的是，很多有天赋的年轻人由于狂妄自大，交流能力差，没能发挥他们的潜力，因此没有取得成功。克拉克强调说，你必须学会和不同部门的人合作，这样你才能创造出能被市场接受的产品，你的才华才能绽放。
In the graduation ceremony,
Thomas Clark, a veteran CTO
of a renowned IT company,
offers some important advice to
140 computer science majors who
aspire to pursue a successful
career in IT. In his
opinion, information technology is
not just about assembling
machines and devices; it is
a domain where innovation plays
the key role. So naturally
IT workers have to endure
great pressure in their work
as they need to come up
with new ideas on a daily
basis.
But Clark
also points out that the
ultimate goal of IT business
is profit. If you want to
succeed in this business, you
need to keep in mind that
innovation is not synonymous
with individualism. It is
noticeable that because of
arrogance and poor communication
skill many gifted young men
didn’t realize their potential,
thus failed to achieve success.
Clark emphasizes that you must
learn to cooperate with people
from different departments, and
only thus can your talent
blossom by creating products
that will be accepted by
the market.
Unit 8
新的国家博物馆建成之后，一些市民和建筑师对于在一群极其美丽精巧的古建筑中建造一座现代建筑感到愤怒。其高昂的维护费用和古怪的形状也引发了大量的批评。显然，许多人对在这个古城中涌现的时髦的现代建筑感到不舒服。不过，也有不少艺术家和市民觉得这些批评没有看到该建筑的美和艺术上的成熟。
在一个公众日益崇拜西方技术和风格的时代里，这座建筑所引发的争论促使许多人开始思考这座城市里古建筑的未来。古建筑复杂而奢华，大规模建造过于昂贵。而现代西方建筑常常很难跨越文化的障碍。或许应该采取更为温和的方式，事先制定一个总体的规划，让古建筑得到妥善保护，让现代建
筑成为这个城市和谐的一部分。(indignant; exquisite;
an outburst of; erect; do
justice to; contemplate; worship;
extravagance; transcend;
moderate)
When the new National Museum
was completed, some citizens and
architects were indignant
at the appearance of
a modern building amidst the
most beautiful and
exquisite ancient
buildings of the city. There
was also an outburst
of criticism of its
high cost of maintenance and
its strange shape. Obviously,
some people felt uncomfortable
with such fashionable modern
buildings being erected
in the city. But on
the other hand, many artists
and citizens believed that these
criticisms failed to do
justice to the beauty
and artistic maturity of the
new museum.
The debate caused by this
museum forces many people to
contemplate the
future of those ancient
buildings of the city in
an age when the public
increasingly worship
the modern Western technology
and styles. With their
extravagance and
complexity, it is costly to
build ancient buildings on a
large scale. At the same
time, beautiful modern buildings
of Western styles cannot always
transcend the
cultural barrier. Maybe a more
moderate approach
should be adopted. A careful
overall plan should be made
beforehand to ensure that the
ancient buildings are properly
preserved and the modern
buildings become a harmonious
part of the city.
Unit 9
20年来，一直有人认为简体字是激进的汉语改革的产物，不能保留传统文化的精华。在他们看来，那么多中国人读不懂繁体字是一件可耻的事情。有些人甚至认为简体字是一个有缺陷的语言系统，用简体字使中国人变笨了，中华文明已经到了紧要关头，必须用繁体字才能拯救我们的民族文化。
但是这些提倡恢复繁体字的人并不能提出足够的理由来支持他们的观点。他们还忘记了重要的一点：繁体字太复杂，在中国古代，这在受过良好教育和没受过教育的人之间造成了巨大的鸿沟，而简体字则让上亿的中国人识了字，并在一定程度上模糊了受过教育的精英和普通大众之间的界限。如果我们重新启用繁体字,
可能会侵害到大多数人受教育的权利，破坏中国社会的团结。
(retain; disgraceful; defective; reach
a / the stage where;
rift; literate; blur; elite;
infringe on)
In the last couple of
decades, there have always been
people who believe that
simplified characters, a product
of the radical reform of
Chinese language, fail to retain
the essence of our traditional
culture. From their point of
view, it’s disgraceful that so
many Chinese cannot read
traditional characters. Some even
argue that simplified characters
are a defective system of
language and using them makes
Chinese people dumb, and that
our civilization has reached a
stage where we have to go
back to traditional Chinese
characters to save our national
culture in decline.
But those
in favor of traditional
characters are unable to provide
sufficient evidence for their
assertions. They also forget an
important point: In ancient
China the complexity of
traditional characters created a
rift between the educated and
the uneducated, while the
simplified characters have helped
hundreds of millions of people
become literate, and to a
certain extent blurred the
boundaries between the educated
elite and the ordinary public.
If we went back to
traditional characters, it would
be very likely to infringe
on the majority’s right to
education and damage the unity
of Chinese society.
Unit 10
1.去年8月，当一场热带飓风侵袭这个偏远渔镇的时候，一群在这儿工作的年轻志愿者竭尽全力帮助当地人。当时电讯几乎中断，这个镇子与外界的交通也瘫痪了。如果他们只是等待地方政府救援而不采取措施的话，那就太晚了。这些志愿者为失去房屋的人找到了庇护之所，为伤者提供了基本的医疗救助。他们使镇上的居民避免了更大的灾难。
In the August of last year
when a tropical hurricane hit
this remote fishing town, a
group of young volunteers
who had been working
here did all they could
to help the local people.
As telecommunication was on
the verge of
breaking down and the traffic
between the town and the
outside world completely paralyzed,
it would have
been too late if they did
nothing but wait for the
local government’s help. The
volunteers found
shelter for those who lost
their houses and provided basic
medical service for the wounded.
Their work had
prevented more disastrous
effects on the town and
its residents.
2.他们的努力也打消(dispel)了当地人对他们的怀疑。大多数人觉得这些志愿者帮助他们应对这场灾难，干得非常出色。这些志愿者也证明了自己是称职的。他们虽然不像那些渔民一样身体健壮，但是他们有坚强的意志和决心。他们在飓风面前显示出来的勇气表明，要衡量一个人的力量，你不仅要看他是否有强健的体格，还要看他是否有坚强的意志。
Their efforts also dispelled
local people’s doubts about
them, as most of them
felt that these volunteers
had done a terrific
job in helping them cope
with the disaster. These
volunteers have proved that
they were worth
their salt. Although they didn’t
have a muscular body as
the local fishermen did, they
had strong will
and determination. Their bravery
in the face of hurricane
showed that when gauging
one’s strength you
should look at not only
the physical shape but also
what is underneath.
