rises the following points ______ . (
)
(1) a minimal free form of a language
(2) a sound unity
(3) a unit of meaning
(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence
A. (1) and (2)
B. (1) (2) and (3)
C. (2) (3) and (4)
D. (1) (2) (3) and (4)
3. Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the
same time can form
new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. foot is the father of
football, footage and
footprint. This demonstrates that one of the characteristics of the
words of the basic
stock is ______ . (
)
A. productivity
B. polysemy
C. stability
D. collocability
4. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the
languages of Europe, the
Near East, and ______ . (
)
A. India
B. the Far East
C. the West Asia
D. America
5. In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge
of learning ancient
Greek and ______ classics. This is known in history as the
Renaissance. (
)
A. India
B. German
C. Roman
D. Chinese
6. Which of the following statements is NOT true? (
)
A. Old English was a highly inflected language.
B. In early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic
existed side by side.
C. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning
of modern English
period.
D. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day
English is creation
of new words by means of word-formation.
7. The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is
______.(
)
A. morpheme
B. affixes
C. root
D. stem
8. There is/are ______ monomorphemic word(s) in the following
words: hot, dog, feet,
matches.
(
)
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
9. The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/s/in the following
words EXCEPT ______.
(
)
A. packs
B. bags
C. cheats
D. ships
10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English
vocabulary are produced
through ______ .(
)
A. affixation
B. clipping
C. compounding
D. shortening
11. The formation of new words by converting words of one class to
another class is
called ______. (
)
A. prefixation
B. suffixation
C. acronymy
D. conversion
12. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes
is called ______. (
)
A. back-formation
B. clipping
C. blending
D. suffixation
13. ______ accounts for the connection between the linguistic
symbol and its meaning. (
)
A. Sense
B. Motivation
C. Concept
D. Reference
14. By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular
word is related to its
origin.
(
)
A. onomatopoeic
B. morphological
C. semantic
D. etymological
15. In English there are ______ types of motivation that concerns
the relationship
between the sign and meaning. (
)
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
16. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? (
)
A. Suffixation.
B. Variation.
C. Allomorph.
D. Polysemy.
17. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple,
etc, make up the ______
field of ‘colours’. (
)
A. stylistic
B. semantic
C. elliptic
D. syntactic
18. What is applicable to contradictory terms of some antonyms may
NOT be applicable to
their ______ terms? (
)
A. connotative
B. collocative
C. relative
D. negative
19. When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is
______ accordingly.
(
)
A. related
B. narrowed
C. created
D. suggested
20. Which of the following words was used during the American Civil
War to refer to those
northerners who were secretly aiding the South? (
)
A. Rattlesnake.
B. Villain.
C. Informer.
D. Copperhead.
21. People change word-meaning owing to various ______ motives:
love, respect, courtesy,
suspicion, pessimism, sarcasm, irony, contempt, hatred, etc. (
)
A. psychological
B. social
C. communicative
D. lexical
22. In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses,
sentences in which a word
appears and is known as ______ context. (
)
A. non-linguistic
B. linguistic
C. grammatical
D. lexical
23. Which of the following is one of the main functions of verbal
context? (
)
A. Elimination of ambiguity.
B. Indication for referents.
C. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.
D. All the above.
24. Which of the following is NOT true about extra-linguistic
context? (
)
A. It can be subdivided into grammatical context and non-linguistic
context.
B. It refers to physical situation or environment relating to the
use of words.
C. It embraces the people, time and place.
D. It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background.
25. The idiom "fall into good hands" is a ______ as far as figures
of speech are
concerned.
(
)
A. synecdoche
B. metaphor
C. metonymy
D. personification
26. "Flesh and blood" is an idiom ______ in nature. (
)
A. verbal
B. nominal
C. adjectival
D. adverbial
27. The change of idiom "velvet paws" from the original form is
______.(
)
A. replacement
B. position-shifting
C. addition
D. shortening
28. American dictionaries generally use ______ to mark the
pronunciation. (
)
A. British Phonetic Alphabet
B. American Phonetic
Alphabet
C. International Phonetic Alphabet
D. Webster's Phonetic
Alphabet
29. Which of the following dictionaries is NOT a specialized
dictionary? (
)
A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
B. Chamber's Encyclopaedic English Dictionary
C. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs
D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms
30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain ______. (
)
A. the slight difference between words of similar meanings
B. difficult points of grammar and style
C. important British and American differences
D. all the above
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or
expressions according to the
course book. (15 % )
31. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is
over one _________
words.
32. At the end of 6th century, Latin-speaking missionaries under
St. Augustine came to
spread Christianity in Britain. It brought many new ideas and
customs and also many
_________ terms such as abbot, candle, altar, etc.
33. The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify
meaning or function
are _________.
34. The process of changing the word "possible" into "impossible"
is called _________.
35. The synonymous pair "die — pass away" has the same _________
but different stylistic
values.
36. Semantically, all _________ are related in one way or
another.
37. Fortuitous formerly denoted 'happening by chance', 'accidental'
and later took on the
meaning 'fortunate' probably by _________ because the two words
look similar.
38. The sentence "He is a hard businessman" is ambiguous due to
_________.
39. The characteristic of idioms —_________ unity can be reflected
by the understanding
of such idiom as "rain cats and dogs".
40. Definition, extra column and usage _________ are the unique
features of Collins
COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987).
III. Define the following terms. (15%)
41. jargon
42. derivational affix
43. grammatical meaning
44. associated transfer
45. variations of idioms
IV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear
and short. Write your
answers in the space given below. (20 % )
46. leorn→ian→lern→en→learn
Above is the change of "learn" from Old English through Middle
English to Modern English.
What can you conclude from the viewpoint of the development of
English vocabulary?
47. Both initialisms and acronyms are formed to a certain extent
from initial letters. Is
there any difference between them? Illustrate your point with
examples.
48. What is the appropriate antonym for acute in the following
statement?
She got an acute pain in her back.
49. What are contextual clues?
Guess the meaning of the word underlined in the following sentence
and tell what
contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meaning.
(a) Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the
study of body
movement, was suggested by Professor B irdwhistell.
(b) It's just one more incredible result of the development of
microprocessors — those
tiny parts of a computer commonly known as "silicon chips".
V. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the
space given below.
(20 % )
50. Comment on the following groups to illustrate the difference
between partial and full
conversion.
Group 1: "white — a white, final — finals"
Group 2: "rich — the rich, wounded — the wounded"
51. Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences
and then find out the
right antonyms for each fast respectively.
[A] My god, look, this clock is one hour fast, as if we were at
Tokyo.
[B] The colors aren't fast, so be careful when you wash this
shirt.
[C] The delegation paid a fast visit to the United Kingdom last
month.
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