Strict、 rigid、 stringent、 rigorous词义辨析
2016-07-20 22:05阅读:
1、一般我会习惯先查use the right
word词典,对近义词辨析非常详细,可惜这些词都没有;
2、然后我会查vocabulary.com,从宏观的角度对单词有个整体认识,这时候英汉字典就没用了,意思都一样~
我们先看每个词的解释,看不下去的直接看中文:
Strict
Strict decribes someone who
sticks to a particular set
of rules.
The adjective strict always
has to do with
rules.
强调人对规则(rules)的遵守
例句:
1.Your strict parents enforced rules
and expected you to obey
them.
2.Your cousin might be a strict
vegetarian who always follows
her own rules about what
to eat.
3.Strict laws demand to be
followed, and a strict follower
of the First Amendment supports
free speech no matter what.
The Latin root of strict
isstrictus, which means 'drawn
together, tight, or rigid.'
A rigid adherence to rules is
exactly what makes someone
strict.
这一句体现了rigid和strict的联系,对规则严格(rigid)的遵守,我们就可以说这个人strict.
Rigid
Describe something asrigid if it's
really stiff and not very
flexible, like a super-strict
practice schedule or an
unbending, uncomfortable mattress.
Rigid is actually
related to the Latin word
frigus, which means
“cold.”
So think of a rigid icicle
or a rock-hard igloo to
help you remember what
rigidmeans.
形容某物(sth)僵硬的,可以用“cold”来帮助记忆,比如冰柱还有爱斯基摩人圆顶小屋(igloo)。
You can also use it to
describe something that's particularly
strict or unable to change,
like the stubborn views of
a person who just won't
consider another perspective.
还可以形容sth非常strict,无法改变,比如有人就是很固执己见,就是不考虑别的看法。
所以我认为rigid更多比喻一成不变、固执僵化的,所以应用到法律、制度或体系方面时,我们就可以说“严格的”。或者换个词理解:cannot
be changed。
至于和strict的区别,在形容人的时候,strict是说严格,而rigid是说刻板、固执、顽固。
Stringent
That teacher’s demands are
stringent —she wants
the homework typed in her
favorite font, on special paper,
and each essay must be
exactly 45 lines!
如果形容老师的要求是stringent,你得用她喜欢的字体,用特定的纸张,每篇文章45行,不多也不能少!
我觉得说变态也是可以的~
While the word stringent might seem foreign, if you are afflicted
with pimples, you’ll know the word astringent. An
astringent causes your skin to tighten like
it's shrinking your pores.
This tightening, constricting feel
describes stringent with regard to
rules.
Stringent
是外来语,astringent(使皮肤收缩的)。那种很紧、很压缩、很受限制的感觉就是stringent(with
regard to rules)。
例句:Stringent safety procedures prevent
accidents in a dangerous work
environment.
And restaurants must adhere to
stringent health regulations.
比如严格的(stringent)安保措施防止意外发生;餐馆要遵守严格的(stringent)健康条例,不能用地沟油这种。
从程度上来说,我认为stringent要求的“严格”更深一点。
Rigorous
If you are rigorous when you do something, you do it
strictly by the book and leave nothing to chance. A rigorous
inspection of your tax records has revealed the government owes you
money. Congratulations!
The Latin root for rigorous
is rigor, meaning “stiffness.”
This might remind you or rigor mortis, the stiffening of
a body after death, as often
seen on cop shows. This is a good, if creepy, way of remembering
the meaning of rigorous: rigorous
people are stiff and unbending about the standards of their
work. This requires being alive, of course.
这个词用“stiffness”来记忆,僵硬的,比如人死后的身体(有点恐怖,creepy),形容人做事有自己一套标准,严格执行。
还可以表示:(of a rule, system, etc.)
strictly applied or adhered to.
(规则,制度等)严格的,苛刻的
• rigorous
controls on mergers.
对并购的严格控制。
3、查完字典,我们还能继续做点啥?
说了半天,感觉也没啥区别啊…,其实是的,区别不大,但是,我们还能再往前走一步——查语料库,看这些词跟哪些词搭配最多。
我们搜索“这些词 名词”的结果:
1. Strict搭配最多的是rules,286条。响应了前文那句话:
The adjective strict always
has to do with
rules.
2. Rigid 搭配最多的也是rules,也响应了前文那句话:
A rigid adherence to rules is
exactly what makes someone
strict.
但是结果没有strict多,72条。
3. Stringent 搭配最多的是requirements,要求。
这个单词开头的解析就是(不记得的翻回去看,你一定会印象深刻的):That
teacher’s demands
are
stringent…
(突然又想起来有一次的译文很多人把requirement和demand放到一句话里面,语义重复了哦,我也犯了这个错)
注意看下,rules排第三,也不算少。
4. Rigorous搭配最多的是standards,标准。
还记不记得前面这句话:rigorous people are stiff and
unbending about the standards of
their work.
字典的解释和实际应用还是能对上号的,靠谱,放心,大胆地使用~
Rigorous rules
也有,不多,结果有10个。看图:
4、到这里本可以结束了,不过还可以再多辣么一小步。
今天的译文不是说laws嘛,我们再查“这些词
laws”的结果:
Strict laws,59条结果。
Rigid laws,5条结果。
Stringent laws,23条结果。
Rigorous laws 的搭配没有搜到。
总结:
1、就单词本身而言:
Strict、 rigid、 stringent、
rigorous都可以表示“严格的”。
Strict是说人对规则(rules)的遵守;Rigid更多比喻sth/sb一成不变、固执僵化的,所以应用到法律、制度或体系方面时,我们就可以说“严格的”。或者换个词理解:cannot
be changed。
至于rigid和strict的区别,在形容人的时候,strict是说严格,而rigid是说刻板、固执、顽固。
Stringent是外来语,astringent(使皮肤收缩的)。那种很紧、很压缩、很受限制的感觉就是stringent(with
regard to rules)。
从程度上来说,我认为stringent要求的“严格”更深一点。
Rigorous这个词用“stiffness”来记忆,僵硬的,比如人死后的身体(有点恐怖,creepy),形容人做事有自己一套标准,严格执行。
2、从搭配来看:
Strict、rigid搭配最多的都是rules,但是strict更多;
Stringent搭配最多的是requirements;
Rigorous搭配最多的是standards;
3、和laws的搭配:
Strict、 rigid、
stringent都可以,strict结果最多;
而rigorous与laws搭配的结果没有,但是不代表这样写就是错的啊,有可能只是用的不多,不辣么普遍而已。
Google的结果还是有哒:
最后想要了解更多详尽信息可以再看看各大词典的例句,以及这些词在表达除了“严格”以外的意思。