雅思写作曲线图的四步7分写法
2012-11-29 19:01阅读:
雅思写作曲线图的四步7分写法
首先,我们需要知道曲线图的英文说法为line graph。有的辅导书上把曲线图称作line chart或line
diagram的叫法是不确切的。曲线图全称只能叫做line graph,简称graph,或者figure。
一般情况下,同学们在写曲线图的时候,无非是通过“审题-首段-主体段-尾段”这么几个步骤来完成曲线图描写的。下面本文也将从这几个步骤出发,依次讲解如何写好曲线图。
第一步:审题
审题时我们要阅读题目的文字描述部分,主要目的是提炼出该题的描述对象。所谓描述对象,说白了就是“这个图画的是神马东西”。描述对象必须是名词或名词短语,不必加入时间和地点。我们来看例题。
例题一:剑4 T2
The graph below shows the demand for electricity in England during
typical days in winter and summer.
通过提炼,我们可以得知该题的描述对象为“the demand for
electricity”。我们能认识这个描述对象最好,这样可以对它进行改写,改写成“electricity
demand”即可。如果题目中出现了生词,提炼不出描述对象的话,我们完全可以从曲线图的大标题中去寻求答案,如果连大标题也不认识,那就只好在主体段中需要写到描述对象的时候照抄大标题了。
看完题目的文字描述后,我们还要看懂曲线图。看曲线图的时候同学们可以牢记一个口诀:一看大标题;二看横轴时间;三看纵轴数字 单位;四看曲线
图示。看大标题会帮助我们确定描述对象;横轴时间则决定了主体段时态;另外,只要主体段出现了纵轴数字,就务必加上单位名称;最后曲线和图示帮助我们最终看懂这道图在画什么。
例如这张图,大标题Typical daily demand for
electricity即为描述对象,横轴时间是从一天的零点到二十四点,则决定了使用一般现在时态,而纵轴数字的单位为units,两条线,一条是冬天的变化趋势,另一条是夏天的。审题完毕。
第二步:首段写法
我们完全
可以通过改写题目,总而得出首段。例如这道题的首段,通过对“The graph below shows the demand for
electricity in England during typical days in winter and
summer.”进行改写,进而得出首段“The figure given illustrates electricity
demands in Britain during a typical day in winter and
summer.”。改写法的好处在于可以让考生短时间内写出一个用词和语法基本无误的首段,缺点在于对考生同近义词的替换能力要强。为了解决这个问题,下表为小作文题目常见词汇替换表,供考生参考:
雅思A类小作文题目常见词汇
替换表
countrynation
proportionpercentage
informationdata
numberamount
familyhousehold
malesmen
femaleswomen
kindstypes
demandneed
universitycollege
showdescribe, illustrate, reveal
categorieskinds
somecertain
the UKBritain
between andfrom to
statuscondition
stagessteps
spendingexpenditure
reasonscauses
differentdistinct
第三步:主体段写法
主体段是全篇作文的重点,在写主体段前需要注意三点题目要求:1. Summerize the informtation
总结数据的总趋势。数据的总趋势即从起点到终点我们通过目测,连成一条线,如果是斜向上的,总趋势就是上升的,反之,总趋势是下降的。但这张图中的连线是水平的,总趋势则为上下波动的。2.
Selecting and reporting the main features 报告出数据的主要特征。
简单来说,每根曲线的起点、极值、交叉点都是主要特征。另外还有一直处于最高位或者最低位的曲线也是主要特征的一种。3. Make
comparisons
进行对比。对于这张图来说,我们在主体段中可以拿冬天和夏天两条线的最高点进行对比。再写主体段之前,考生应该牢记以下基础词汇:
必备核心词汇:
描述变化趋势的动词:
上升:increase, rise, grow, go up
下降:decrease, drop, decline, fall
波动:rise and fall around / fluctuate around 【数值】
不变:level off at / hover at【数值】
达到最高点:reach the highest point at 【数值】
peak at 【数值】
达到最低点:drop to its lowest point at 【数值】
bottom out at 【数值】
描述变化趋势的名词:
上升:an increase, a rise, a growth
下降:a decrease, a decline, a drop
起伏:a fluctuation around 【数值】
稳定:a leveling off at 【数值】
主体段的第一句话应写明线的总趋势,若几条线的总趋势相同,则可以“一锅儿端”。总趋势句型一:
句型一: (描述对象) witness a …( 趋势) trend during these …( 时间差).
上升的趋势:an upward trend
下降的趋势:a downward trend
波动的趋势:a fluctuating trend
例句:The electricity demands in winter and summer witness a
fluctuating trend during these 24 hours.
第二句话开始要描述数据具体的变化趋势,一根线一根线的描述,这里为了便于学习,因此笔者将所有趋势都描述一遍:
第二句:在冬天,0点的时候用电量大约为35,000个单位。
In winter, the demand for electricity is about 35,000 units at
0.00.
第三句~第N句:
随后,用电量从0点的35,000个单位上升到3点的40,000个单位。
句型二: (描述对象) increase from… ( 起始点 时间) to …( 终止点 时间).
句型三: (描述对象) experience an increase from … ( 起始点 时间) to … ( 终止点
时间).
句型四:There is an increase in … ( 描述对象) from… ( 起始点 时间) to… ( 终止点
时间).
例句:There is an increase in daily demand for electricity from 35,000
units at 0.00 to 40,000 units at 3.00.
紧随其后的是一个平稳的下降。在8点的时候,用电量达到最小值,30,000个单位。
句型五: 紧随其后的是:It is closely followed by … 名词
It is closely followed by a steady decrease. At about 8.00, the
electricity demand bottoms out at 30,000 units.
后来,用电量在22点达到最大值,45,000个单位。
后来:Then, Furthermore, After that, Next,
From this time onwards,
After that, it peaks at 45,000 units at 22.00.
然而,用电量开始从最高值下降到24点的35,000个单位。
However, there is a drop from the highest point to 35,000 units at
24.00.
到此为止,冬天这根线就描述完毕了,下面要描述夏天这根线,从一根线到另一根线,中间需注意衔接和过渡。
过渡句型:As for …, In terms of … , As far as … is concerned,
例句:As for the electricity demand in summer days, …
然后要按照上面的套路对夏天进行描述。但如果预估字数将会达到180左右的时候,我们则可以用夏天完成第三个题目要求,进行对比。
它与冬天的用电量形成了鲜明的对比。
句型六:A is in stark contrast with B
例句:… , the demand for electricity is in stark contrast with that in
winter.
夏天用电量在大约15点达到最高值,20,000个单位,比冬天的最高值少25,000单位。
句型七: A is …( 数据差) less (或lower) than B
例句:The electricity demand peaks at 20,000 units at about 15.00. It
is 25,000 units less than that in winter.
第四步:尾段写法
尾段直接套句收尾:
句型八:All in all, it is clear to see that there is an obvious
difference in …
例句:All in all, it is clear to see that there is an obvious
difference in the demands for electricity in English in winter and
summer.
例题二:剑7 T2
The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different
kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.
这道题在分段时需注意,把总趋势相同的线放到一个主体段中去描写。即Beef,
lamb和fish写在主体一中,而chicken写在主体二中。具体描述方法与刚才的套路一样。但需注意时态。
主体段范文:
主体段范文(总 分)
Beef, lamb and fish witnessed a downward trend during these 25
years. In 1979, the consumption of beef was about 230 grams per
person per week, and it was the most popular one. After that, it
peaked at 240 grams in 1983. It was closely followed a drop to the
lowest point at 90 grams in 2002. Finally, there was a rise to100
grams. As for lamb, it decreased from 150 grams in 1979 to the
lowest point at 60 grams in 2000. After some fluctuations, it went
up to about 70 grams. However, fish was constantly the least
popular kind of meat during the 25years.
The consumption of chicken was in stark contrast with that of the
other three kinds of meat. In 1979, it exceeded beef in around
1988, and reached the highest point at 260 grams in2000. Then,
there was a drop to about 240 grams in 2004. Yet, it had become the
most popular one.
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