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a stroke patient
 2. ~ (of sth): a single successful action or event 一次成功或有效的行动或事情
stroke of luck/fortune
 stroke of genius/inspiration etc
 Your idea was a stroke of genius! 你的主意真了不起!
It was a stroke of luck that I found you here. 我在这里碰见你真是运气.
It was a stroke of genius to film the movie in Toronto.
Your idea was a stroke of genius.
I had a sudden stroke of inspiration.
Idioms: at one stroke 一下子



collide & crash
collide vi. collision n.
1. (of moving objects or people) strike violently against sth or each other （指运动中的物体或人）猛撞某物或互撞
collide with
I ran around the corner, and almost collided with Mrs Laurence.
 Two trains collided head-on (=when they were moving directly towards each other) .
 As the bus turned the corner, it collided with a van. 公共汽车转过拐角时与客货车相撞.
2. (of people, aims, opinions, etc) be in disagreement or opposition; conflict; disagree strongly （指人﹑ 目的﹑ 意见等）不一致或相反; 冲突
collide with sb over sth
The interests of the two countries collide. 两国的利益发生冲突.
Te President has again collided with Congress over his budget plans.
 If the aims of two countries collide, there may be war.

crash v. & n.
1. to have an accident in a car, plane etc by violently hitting something else
 碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, 撞坏
~ (sth) (into sth)
The jet crashed after take-off.
 The motorcycle crashed into the fence.
2. to make a sudden loud noise发出撞击声, 发出爆裂声
Thunder crashed and boomed outside.
 3. (of prices, a business, shares, etc.) to lose value or fail suddenly and quickly破产,贬值，倒闭
The company crashed with debts of £40 million.
 4. if a computer crashes or you crash a computer, it stops working suddenly 【电脑】死机, 崩溃
The PC just crashed.
Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes.




insist v. (B1:119)
1. say firmly and often that something is true, especially when other people think it may not be true坚持;坚决认为;强调
insist (that)
 She insisted that he was wrong.
insist on
 She kept insisting on her innocence.

2. demand that something should happen坚决主张;坚决要求; 一定要
 I didn't really want to go but he insisted.
insist (that)
He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts.
Jane insisted that he be present.
insist on/upon doing sth
He insisted on/upon my going with him.
 They insisted upon being given every detail of the case.

3. to keep / continue doing something, especially something that is inconvenient or annoying 执意继续做某事 ( 好像用得不普遍，此时似乎用persist in doing 多)
insist on doing sth
 They insist on playing their music late at night.

insistence n. insistent a. insistently adv.

persist v. (B1:119)
1. to continue to do something, although this is difficult, or other people oppose it 顽强地坚持；执着地做；没完没了地；执意；固执
persist in (doing) sth
If you persist in upsetting her, I will have to punish you.
If you persist in causing trouble, the company may be forced to dismiss you.
She persisted in her search for the truth.
persist with sth
She persisted with her studies in spite of financial problems.
 'I don't think it's right,' John persisted.

2. if something bad persists, it continues to exist or happen持续;存留
 If the pain persists, you must see a doctor.
The belief that the earth was flat persisted for many centuries. Escape

persistence n. persistent a. persistently adv.



escape v. & n.
v.
1. ~ (from sb/sth): to get away from a place where you have been kept as a prisoner or not allowed to leave逃脱, 逃走
Two prisoners have escaped.
He escaped from prison this morning.
They were caught trying to escape.
 2. [no passive]to avoid sth unpleasant or dangerous避免或躲避
She was lucky to escape punishment.
The pilot escaped death by seconds.
There was no escaping the fact that he was overweight.
[V -ing] He narrowly escaped being killed.



star v (-rr-)
1. ~ (in sth): be a star(4) (in a play, film, etc) （在戏剧﹑ 电影等中）担任主角, 主演
taken many starring roles 多次担任主角
She is to star in a new film. 她将主演一部新影片.
2. ~ sb (in sth): present sb as a star(4); feature sb 使某人担任主角; 由某人主演
My favourite film stars Marilyn Monroe. 我最喜欢的电影是玛丽莲?梦露主演的.
The director wanted to star Michael Caine in his new film. 这位导演想让迈克尔?凯恩主演他的新片子.

take some doing / take a lot of doing: to be hard work; to be difficult
Getting it finished by tomorrow will take some doing.

threaten
1. warn sb that you may hurt, kill or punish them if they do not do what you want 威胁,恐吓;扬言要
 threaten to do sth
 He threatened to take them to court.
 threaten sb with sth
 Doctors are sometimes threatened with violence if they don't do what patients want.
 threaten (that)
 Then he became angry and threatened that he would go to the police.
 2. seem likely to happen or cause sth unpleasant预示, 似将发生,可能来临
Dark skies threatened rain.
A storm was threatening.
threat n. threatening a.



be wrapped up in sb/sth: have one's attention deeply occupied by sb/sth; be deeply involved in sb/sth 注意力完全集中於某人[某事物]; 与某人[某事物]难解难分
They are completely wrapped up in their children. 他们把全部精力都用在孩子身上了.
She was so wrapped up in her work that she didn't realize how late it was. 她只顾埋头工作, 没意识到天已经很晚了.


given: prep.
Pattern: given + n.
given + that-clause
1. considering, taking sth. into account, as far as sth. / sb. is concerned; 考虑到，鉴于
Given their inexperience／that they are inexperienced，they‘ve done a good job．
2. if allowed or provided with 如果有，假定, 如果
Given that none of your friends offered you any help when you were in trouble, what would you think of them?
Given good health，I hope to finish the work this year．


边际从属连词（Marginal subordinator）

1. the moment, instant, minute, second (that)等时间名词用作边际从属连词，表示“一……就……”，其后的that经常省略，moment等词前可以用very等形容词修饰。
I sent you the news the instant that I heard it. 我一得到消息就通知了你。
I have to go to Dallas the moment the meeting finishes. 会议一结束，我就得去达拉斯。
The guy’s lights-out the moment his head hits the pack. 他一躺下就睡着了。
I started the very moment I got your letter. 我一接到你的信就动身了。
I’ll tell him the minute he comes. 他一来我就告诉你。
He stood up the instant I called his name. 我一叫他的名字，他就站了起来。
The moment I saw the dog, it appealed to me. 我一看到这只狗就被它迷住了。
The moment I saw him, I knew that he was angry with me. 我一见到他，就知道他在生我的气。
I was pulled onto the shore the second I reached the surface. 我一浮上水面，就有人把我拉上了岸。
The moment I saw you coming, I came to out to meet you. 我一见到你来了，就出来迎接你。
The second the bell rang, the students dashed out of the classroom. 铃声一响，学生都跑出了教室。
I knew you had feelings for Juan Antonio the moment you saw him. 我知道你一见到阮·安东尼奥就对他有感觉。
You ask me to do something to stop the pain but the minute I do try to do something you won’t let me. 你要求我给你治疗牙痛，但我准备给你治疗时，你又不让我动手。

2. each / every time, next / last / first / second / any / all / whole time等前者表示“每次”，后者表示具体的“上次、下次”等。
Next time you come, you’ll see him. 下次你来时，就会见到他。
Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick. 每次坐船，我都要晕船。
You are welcome to come back any time you want to. 你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。
I shall be here by the time you come. 等你回来时，我也会到这儿。
By the time I arrived they had already left. 我来之前，他们就已经走了。
Maybe next time you could print a few of these. 或许下次你可以尝试复印这些东西。
Next time I see him, I’ll give him a black eye. 下次我见到他，我一定要揍他一顿。
He came to see my mother the first time he visited London. 他第一次到伦敦就来看望我的母亲。
Each time he came to town, he would visit our college. 他每次进城，都要到我们学校来看看。
He kept fanning himself all the time he went on talking. 当他滔滔不绝地讲话时，他不停地扇扇子。
The whole time / All the time I was watching TV last night, he was fast asleep. 昨晚整晚我在看电视，他在呼呼大睡。
Last time I talked to you, you were heading back to Iraq. 上次我们交谈的时候，你正要赶回伊拉克去呢。
I was terrified the first time I held this small, pink, wrinkled bundle in my arms, the first time I gave him a bath, the first time we were alnoe together. 第一次抱起这个粉红色的、满是皱纹的、幼小的婴儿时，第一次给他洗澡时，第一次我们俩独处时，我简直吓坏了。
Every time the passage to a new year approaches, churches will print their own red envelopes, which congregants can use at no charge. 每次快到过年的时候，教堂都会印制自己独特的红信封，教徒们可以免费使用。
Every time he comes to New York, he wants to paint the town red. 他每次来纽约，都要痛饮一番。
There are so few words I understand the first time she says them. 第一次见面时她说的话我几乎一句也听不懂。
I think I gained ten pounds every time you came to stay with me. 每次你来看我，我都感觉到像挣到了十英镑似的。
Play it again, and every time he says ‘very beautiful’ write down the next word. 把磁带重新播放一遍，每当他说“很漂亮”的时候，记下后面的单词。

3. the morning, afternoon, evening, night, day, week, month, year等表示“一年、一上午”等。
We were there the week it snowed so heavily. 下大雪的那一周我们正在那里。
He got ill the day he arrived home. 他回家那天生病了。
I met him the year I was in Chicago. 我在芝加哥的那年遇到过他。
He left Europe the year World War II broke out. 第二次世界大战爆发的那一年，他离开了欧洲。
The first two days he stayed with me in that back room he was very peaceful. 他同我呆在后房的头两天还很安静。
On the day that I retire I shall receive a cheque of a thousand pounds. 我退休的那天将得到一张一千英镑的支票。

4. spring, summer, autumn, winter表示“整个季节”。
Alice had a son the spring her husband went abroad. 丈夫出国的那年春天，爱丽丝生下了一个儿子。
The summer Mary was fourteen her family travelled to the country as usual. 玛丽14岁的那年春天，她全家与平常一样去那个国家旅行。
The winter he was killed in an accident, he was at the peak of his career. 遇车祸身亡的那年冬季，他正处于职业生涯的顶峰。
Therapist

get
1. to make, persuade, etc. sb/sth do sth
get sb/ sth to do
I couldn't get the car to start this morning.
He got his sister to help him with his homework.
You'll never get him to understand.
get sb/ sth doing
Can you really get that old car going again?
It's not hard to get him talking-the problem is stopping him!
 2. to cause sth to happen or be done
get sth done
I must get my hair cut.
I'll never get all this work finished.
 3. to start doing sth
get doing
I got talking to her.
We need to get going soon.

Note: get sb. doing 与get sb.to do的区别很小，get sb doing表示动作具有进行的含义，get sb to do sth表示的动作可以指现在，也可以表示将来，或者仅仅表示一种可能性。



stand,bear,endure,tolerate,suffer,abide,withstand

这些动词均含“忍受”之意。
 stand口语用词，常可与hear换用，但侧重指经受得起。
 bear强调容忍，是普通用语。
 endure书面用词，指长时间忍受痛苦和不幸，着重体力或意志力的坚强不屈服。
 tolerate指以自我克制的态度，对待令人反感或厌恶的东西，含默认宽容意味。
 suffer通常指非自愿或被迫忍受各种痛苦、困难或不快，强调受到苦难。
 abide指忍受长期的痛苦或折磨，强调耐心和屈从。多用于否定句和疑问句中。
 withstand指因具有一定实力、权力或能力而能忍受某种情况。

词语大辨析
 bear，endure，stand，tolerate都含有一定的'忍耐、忍受'之意
 在表示忍受pain，suffering，hardship等时，在许多情况下这四个词可以互换使用；通常与can或cannot连用
 bear 强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力（常用于否定句中）
 endure (=bear bravely)指经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服，强调持久力和意志坚强（常用于否定句中）
 stand 强调不屈不挠或经受得起（常用于否定句中）
 tolerate指忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗，语气最弱（即可用于肯定句也可用于否定句）

1.It seems that these ants can ____temperatures which would kill other species.
 A.stand B.bear C.endure D.tolerate
 2.Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't ____ so much noise.
A.resist B.sustain C.tolerate D.undergo
 3.This cloth will not ____ washing.
 A.stand in for B.bear C.endure D.tolerate
 4.I can't ____ him. I can't ____ to wait any longer.
A.endure,stand B.endure,bear C.tolerate,bear D.stand,endure
 5.We will not ____ interference in our home affairs.
A.stand B.agree with C.endure D.tolerate


1.It seems that these ants can __D__temperatures which would kill other species. 看来这些蚂蚁能够忍受可能会置其他物种于死地的温度.
 A.stand B.bear C.endure D.tolerate
 2.Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't __C__ so much noise. 老年人不喜欢流行歌曲,因为他们不能忍受太大的吵闹声.
 A.resist B.sustain C.tolerate D.undergo
 3.This cloth will not __B__ washing. 这块布不耐洗.
 A.stand in for B.bear C.endure D.tolerate
 4.I can't __A__ him. I can't ____ to wait any longer. 我不能容忍他.我再也等待不下去了.
 A.endure,stand B.endure,bear C.tolerate,bear D.stand,endure
 5.We will not __D__ interference in our home affairs. 我们决不能容忍干涉我们的内政.
 A.stand B.agree with C.endure D.tolerate

bear, stand & tolerate :
endure为正式用语，指不屈不挠地面对长时间的痛苦与不幸。
If help does not come, we must endure to the end. 　
bear为一般用语，指在精神或身体上承受某种痛苦，也可指承担某种责任。
He bears responsibility well. I can't bear the sound of chalk scrapping on the blackboard.
我不能忍受粉笔在黑板上写 字发出的刺耳声音。
The thin ice cannot bear truckload.
stand为非正式用语, 可与 bear 互换，暗含“顽强、勇敢”之意。 He can stand more than anyone else I know.
他比我所知道的其他任何人更能忍受痛 苦。
This work will hardly stand close examination. How do you stand living with him?
tolerate为指无怨言地容忍或宽容某人或某种行为，但不用于忍受痛苦。
I can't tolerate your bad manners any more. 我再也不能容忍你粗野的行为了。
The men tolerated him for the sake of his good heart. 那些人是因为他的好心才容忍他 的。

1）I can't bear / stand black tea.（我喝不惯红茶。）　　
2）The pain was almost more than he could bear.（疼痛几乎使他不能忍受。）　　
3）She had endured great pain for several years.（她已忍受了几年极大的痛苦。）　　
4）I cannot put up with your behavior any longer.（我再也不能忍受你的行为了。）　　
5）The school cannot tolerate cheating on exams.（学校不容许作弊。）

总结：
表示承担重量时用bear，它的意思是“经得起，承受”。stand和bear都有忍受的意思，stand表示此意思时常替代bear，但它更强调避免伤害的能力，bear强调忍受的能力，


stand,bear,tolerate都有容忍的意思，该如何区别

答：bear为一般用语，指在精神或身体上承受某种痛苦，也可指承担某种责任。
He bears responsibility well.
I can't bear the sound of chalk scrapping on the blackboard.
我不能忍受粉笔在黑板上写字发出的刺耳声音。
The thin ice cannot bear truckload.
stand为非正式用语, 可与 bear 互换，暗含“顽强、勇敢”之意。
He can stand more than anyone else I know.
他比我所知道的其他任何人更能忍受痛 苦。
How do you stand living with him?
tolerate为指无怨言地容忍或宽容某人或某种行为，但不用于忍受痛苦。
I can't tolerate your bad manners any more. 我再也不能容忍你粗野的行为了。
The men tolerated him for the sake of his good heart. 那些人是因为他的好心才容忍他的。

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