金砖扩员，美国被排除在外
2022-11-10 21:00阅读：
在华盛顿努力推动其全球议程超越世界各地的传统盟友和合作伙伴的同时，一个由新兴经济体组成的经济集团正在扩张。
金砖国家有五个成员国，即巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非。2021年，它们的国内生产总值（GDP）总和占全球经济总量的大约四分之一，人口约占全球的40%。尽管金砖国家并不是一个正式联盟，其成员国之间也存在地缘政治分歧，但它们在支持西方框架之外的经济和贸易机制方面的共同利益正显示出越来越大的吸引力。
伊朗和阿根廷已申请加入金砖国家，而埃及、沙特阿拉伯和土耳其等国正与金砖国家保持密切对话。
据报道，阿尔及利亚外交部负责重大国际伙伴关系的特使莱拉·泽鲁吉7日证实，阿尔及利亚已正式提交加入金砖国家的申请。
阿尔及利亚总统阿卜杜勒-马吉德·特本曾指出：“发展中国家在全球治理的各种机构中的持续边缘化，构成了不稳定、不平等的必然根源。”他还讨论了阿尔及利亚致力于“在我们每个国家的稳定和繁荣的基础上，建立一个包括我们集体安全的新国际秩序”。
虽然美国在很大程度上驳斥了有关金砖国家可能对由加拿大、法国、德国、意大利、日本、英国和美国组成的七国集团（G7）的经济实力构成严峻挑战的担忧，但是由于俄罗斯在乌克兰的特别军事行动以及随之而来的西方制裁，地缘政治和经济争端正在加剧，这也使金砖国家成为关注焦点。
阿尔及利亚是石油输出国组织（欧佩克）成员，也是欧盟第三大天然气供应国。在欧盟急于摆脱对俄罗斯能源的依赖之际，这个北非国家一直是讨论中的替代方案之一，尽管它继续与莫斯科加强关系，并拒绝就乌克兰冲突采取任何惩罚措施。
沙特阿拉伯加入该集团的努力也可能产生重大影响。随着美国总统乔·拜登努力压低燃料价格，在“欧佩克+”决定将石油日产量减少200万桶后，华盛顿和利雅得之间已经十分紧张
的关系正处于崩溃边缘。而俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京则公开支持沙特阿拉伯加入金砖国家的想法。
普京10月底在由瓦尔代国际辩论俱乐部主办的一次活动中表示，这样的决定首先需要“所有金砖国家达成共识”。他强调了沙特的经济实力，并对沙特的加入表示支持。
普京说：“沙特是一个快速增长的国家，不仅是因为它是碳氢化合物生产和石油开采的领导者，还因为王储和沙特政府制订了非常宏大的经济多元化计划，这非常重要。”
此外，普京还表示，沙特“理应”成为上海合作组织的成员。此前，在乌兹别克斯坦主办的上合组织年度峰会上，签署了关于伊朗加入上合组织的备忘录。
Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa BRICS Bloc Grows
with U.S. Left Out
BY TOM O'CONNOR
An economic bloc led by five emerging economies, including the
United States' top two rivals, appears set to expand as Washington
struggles to promote its global agenda beyond traditional allies
and partners around the world.
The group, known by the acronym for its five core members, Brazil,
Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS), consists of more
than a quarter of the world's GDP and about 40% of the global
population. Though BRICS is not a formal alliance, and significant
geopolitical differences exist between members, their common
interest in shoring up economic and trade mechanisms outside the
Western framework has demonstrated growing appeal abroad.
In the wake of the latest BRICS summit held in Beijing in June,
Argentina and Iran applied to join the organization, and the bloc's
current president, Purnima Anand, told Russia media the following
month that Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Turkey were among the countries
that have also expressed interest in following suit.
On Monday, Algerian special envoy Leila Zerrougui confirmed her
country was the latest to formally apply for BRICS membership,
according to the Algerian news portal Al Shorouq.
Speaking at the last 'BRICS+' summit hosted by China, Algerian
President Abdelmadjid Tebboune argued that 'the continued
marginalization of developing countries, within the various
institutions of global governance, constitutes a sure source of
instability, inequality and development.'
In addition to the need to establish a 'new economic order' in line
with United Nations resolution 3201 adopted in 1974, he discussed
Algeria's commitment 'towards building a new international order
that includes our collective security based on the stability and
prosperity of each of us.'
Tebboune was one of 19 world leaders to participate in the expanded
BRICS format, and was joined by the heads of the five BRICS members
as well as of Argentina, Cambodia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji,
Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Senegal, Thailand
and Uzbekistan.
While the U.S. has largely dismissed concerns that BRICS could
present a serious challenge to the economic might of the Group of
Seven, or G7, comprised of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
the United Kingdom and the U.S., intensified geopolitical and
economic disputes exacerbated by Russia's war in Ukraine and
ensuing Western sanctions have put BRICS in the spotlight.
This extended even to Algeria, an Organization of the Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OPEC) member that serves as the third largest
gas exporter to the European Union. As the EU scrambled to wean
itself off of Russian energy, the North African nation has been
among the alternatives being discussed, even as it continues to
foster ties with Moscow and rejects adopting any punitive measures
in response to the conflict in Ukraine.
Also potentially consequential is Saudi Arabia's bid to join the
bloc. Weeks after OPEC+, OPEC's expanded group, decided to cut
global oil output by two million barrels, fraying already strained
ties between Washington and Riyadh as President Joe Biden fought to
keep fuel prices down, Russian President Vladimir Putin openly
backed the idea of Saudi Arabia joining BRICS.
The Russian leader noted during an October 27 event hosted by the
Valdai Discussion Club that such a decision first requires 'a
consensus of all the BRICS countries.' But he supported the
admission of Saudi Arabia by noting its economic prowess.
'Saudi Arabia is a fast-growing nation, and not just because it's a
leader in hydrocarbon production and oil extraction,' Putin said at
the time. 'It's because the Crown Prince and the Saudi government
have very big plans to diversify the economy, which is very
important.'
He also said the kingdom 'deserved' to be a member of another bloc
led by China and Russia, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
(SCO), which Iran joined as a full member during the last annual
summit hosted by Uzbekistan in September.
Following Putin's comments late last month, Chinese Foreign
Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin told a press briefing that 'China
actively supports the process of BRICS expansion.'
He pointed out that BRICS leaders reached a consensus on expanding
the group following the Beijing summit in July, and said that
'after the meeting, many countries expressed the desire to join
BRICS cooperation.'
'China will work with other BRICS members to jointly advance the
expansion process,' Wang said, 'so that more partners will join the
BRICS family.'
The Wall Street Journal then reported Sunday that Chinese President
Xi was preparing to visit Saudi Arabia before the end of the year,
citing people said to be familiar with preparations for the trip.
The move, which would mark one of just several instances of foreign
travel for Xi since the COVID-19 pandemic gripped the world in
2020, was said to take place against the backdrop of Beijing and
Riyadh striving for a more multipolar world order.
The trip is tentatively set for the second week of December, the
same month that the first Arab-Chinese summit is set to be held in
Saudi Arabia, as announced in September by Khalil Al-Thawadi,
deputy secretary-general of the Arab League, which wrapped up its
first summit since the onset of the pandemic this week in
Algeria.
