2.
–ing形式的语法作用 -ing形式一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 1)–ing形式(短语)作主语: Laying eggs is the ant
queen's full-time job.
产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing.
说比做容易。 在下面两种结构中,-ing形式也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡,通常用作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末。如: It is no use crying over
spilt milk.
作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time
arguing about it.
辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is
no结构中,通常用-ing形式。如: There is no joking about
such matters.
这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no holding back
the wheel of history.
历史车轮不可阻挡。 2)
–ing形式(短语)作表语: His hobby is collecting stamps.
他的爱好是收集邮票。 The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令人困惑。 3) –ing形式作宾语: ①–ing形式作动词宾语。 如:I suggest doing it
in a different way.
我建议用另一种方法做这件事。 We enjoy attending Miss Li''s
class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课。 ②-ing形式作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语,而用it作形式宾语。如: I don’t think it possible
living in such a cold
place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。 Do you consider it any
good trying again?
你觉得再试一次会有好处吗? ③-ing形式作介词宾语,经常用在一些短语的后面。如: I'm against inviting him to
dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。 They don’t feel like walking
that much.
他们不喜欢走那么多路。 此类短语还有很多。如:look forward
to(渴望,盼望), be proud
of(以……自豪),
be responsible
for(对……负责),
insist on(坚持), think
of(考虑,想到), dream
of(梦想), object
to(反对,抗议), hear
of(听说),
prevent…from(防止,阻止),
keep…from(防止,阻止),
stop…from(防止,阻止), be
engaged in(从事于),
depend on(依靠,依赖),
thank…for(因……而道谢),
excuse…for(因……而道歉),
aim at(目的在于),
devote…to(献身于), set
about(着手做), be/get
used to(习惯于), be
fond of(喜欢), be
afraid of(害怕), be
tired
of(对……厌烦),
succeed
in(成功地做……),
be interested
in(对……感兴趣),
be ashamed
of(对……感到羞愧)等等。 注意:在有些句子中,介词常可省去。如: I have no difficulty (in)
communicating with foreigners.
我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。 He used to spend a lot
of time (in) playing games.
过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。 What can prevent us (from)
getting married?
有什么能阻止我们结婚? 另外,-ing形式可以和一些介词如in,
on, after, against, before, by,
for, without,
besides等构成短语,在句中作状语。如: He left ahead of time
without saying a word.
他一句话也没说就提前离开了。 Besides cooking and sewing, she
had to take care of four
children. 除了做饭和缝纫以外,她还要照顾四个孩子。 On hearing the news, all
the pupils jumped with joy.
听到这个消息后,所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。 4) –ing形式作定语: ①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如: reading room 阅览室swimming pool 游泳池dining car 餐车 sleeping car 卧车singing competition
歌咏比赛waiting room
候车室 ②-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,也相当于一个定语从句。如: Who is the comrade standing
by the door?
站在门边的同志是谁? They lived in a house
facing south.
他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 ③–ing分词还可以作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。如: The words, usually dealing with
current work, were mostly
written by himself. 歌词一般讲当前的工作,大部分是他自己写的。 When she appeared, John, wearing
a dirty and worn-out overcoat,
ran to her with joy.
当她出现的时候,约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。 5) -ing分词做状语: -ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①-ing分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可由连词when,
while引出。如: While reading the book, he
nodded from time to time.
他一边看书,一边不时地点头。 Seeing those pictures, she
remembered her childhood.
看到那些画,他想起了她的童年。 ②-ing分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。如: Not knowing his a