英语词类手册介词分册 第二章第一节 英语介词about与above㈣
2017-01-17 13:32阅读：
英语词类手册介词分册 第二章
几个A头介词与几个B头介词
第一节
英语介词about与above㈣
编者 四川大竹
张有樑
（续前：一、about各种用法
2.
短语动词中的介词about
⑶构成式“行为动词+副词about”）
二、above的用法
跟about一样，above也是一个跨类单词，如：above
[əˈbʌv] prep
超过【表程度】／在…之上【
表等级】／在…正上方【表位置】／优于【表比较】；adv.
在上面以上／上述；adj.上述的；n.上述等。这里当然是主要说它的介词用法。
1.
介词above的用法
⑴above单独用义——多用于表示比较。
①在…上方【表位置高于…,
不接触；为below(在…下面)的反义词】
例：We flew above
the clouds. 我们在云层的上面飞行。
He lifted his hands above his head.
他将双手举过头顶。
He was staring into the mirror above him.
他盯着在他上方的镜子。
The glider was soaring above the valley.
那架滑翔机在山谷上空滑翔。
They lived in a flat above the shop.
他们住在那商场上层的一套公寓里。
I can’t reach it; it’s well above my head.
我够不着，它远远超过我的头顶。
The flowers formed an archway above their
heads. 他们的头顶上是一道花的拱廊。
②【所指物的位置】高于水平线之上
例：The sun appeared above the
horizon. 太阳出现在地平线上。
Skyscrapers soared above the horizon.
摩天大楼高耸在地平线上。
The mountain is 1000 feet above the sea level.
这座山海拔1000英尺。
The moon was now above the trees in the east.
现在月亮升上了东面的树丛。
The shelf should be six feetabove the level of the
floor. 橱架应高出地板六英尺。
③above短语通常用作表语——表示在某方面主语对表语的超越。
例：He is above
the others in ability. 他的能力优于其他人。
You’re far above me in every way.
他各个方面都比我强。
The water is smoother above the dam.
坝的另一边水面平静些。
As a scholar, he is far above
me. 作为一个学者，他远远超过了我。
Henry’s work is well above the average.
亨利的工作比一般人出色。
④【价值、重要性等】优于／胜于／强过／较…更为／在…之上
例：She prizes health above wealth.
她珍惜健康甚于钱财。
He thinks himself above the others.
他总认为自己比别人重要。
Above himself he places his God.
他把上帝看得比自己还重要。
A soldier should value honour above life.
军人应视荣誉重于生命。
She values safety above excitement.
她重视安全指数而不是兴奋指数。
Some people love money above everything else.
有些人爱钱甚于一切。
特别提示：若表“限度超越”可用beyond代替
above。
以上用法中的above有时可用beyond代之，尤其是其后接的是人称代词或人名时。
例：The problem is
above／beyond
me. 这个问题我不懂。
Her behaviour was
above／beyond
reproach. 她的行为是无可指责的。
His heroism was
above／beyond
all praise. 他的英勇行为，非言辞所能赞扬。
⑤表示在程度或限度等数量方面“超过／超越”——如有数量词通常用在above之前。
例：He was a head above me.
他高出我一个头。【数量：一头】
The mountain is 1000 feet above sea level.
此山海拔一千英尺。
The temperature was only a degree above zero.
气温仅零上一度。
Labor costs are now some 20 percent above those in the
United States.
如今在美国劳力资源成本在20%或20%以上。
⑥在数量上超过／…以上【后接数量词】——如有数量词多是用在above之后。
例：Above 200 people
were there. 200多人在那里。
He must be above sixty
years old.
他一定六十多岁了。
That car cost
above￡2,000.
那辆车价值2000多英镑。
It weighs
above／over
ten tons.
这东西重量超过10吨。
There were above one hundred present.
有一百多人出席。
Our total earnings were above forty
dollars.
我们的总收入超过40美元。
Anything above fifty dollars will be too
expensive.
凡超过50美元的东西都太贵了。
All children above six years of age must go to
school. 凡六岁以上儿童都必须入学。
The population of this city is above a hundred
thousand.
这个城市的人口在10万以上。
⑵表意特定的above表语——与系动词连用的above，有时具有多种意思。
①be
above——表因优秀或出色等道德因素而“不致于／不屑于／不会【做出某种事来】”——above后接动名词或抽象名词。
例：She is above
telling a lie. 她不至于说谎。
He is above doing such
things. 他不至于做出那样的事来。
He is above meanness and
deceit. 他不至于做出卑劣和欺骗的事情来。
If you want to learn, you must not be above asking
questions. 要学习就应不耻下问。
I should think that you would be above anything like
that. 我相信你不会去做那种事的。
He wouldn’t steal; he’s above
that／stealing.
他不致于去偷盗——他不屑去做那种事。
Do you think the Germans are above doing such a
thing?
你相信德国人不致于做这类事吗？
Some of the staff are not above putting their hands in
the cash-box.
有个别职员把手伸进了收银柜，这是种可耻的行为。
Don’t worry. Father is quite above trying to influence
your choice in this matter.
不必担心。做父亲的还不致在此事上左右你的选择。
He really is unselfish and above small jealousy and
hatred.
他这个特没私心的人是不会有一丁点妒忌和仇恨的。
A true gentleman is above envy, jealousy or
vindictiveness.
一位真正的绅士是不会有嫉妒、猜忌和仇恨。
②be
above——表在客观上“不致受到／不容质疑”——above后接抽象名词。
例：She thinks she is above
criticism.
她认为她不致于受到批评。
His conduct has always been above
suspicion. 他的行为一直无可质疑。
The umpire in the game must be above suspicion of
supporting one side over the other.
比赛中的那位裁判明显地去支持另一方，这是不容怀疑的。
His handling of Government money during his term of office
was not entirely above reproach.
在他任职期间，他对政府资金的操纵完全应受到谴责。【因前有not而变意为肯定】
Have you assumed all along that he was above
reproach? 你就能确定他不会受到责备吗？
③be
above——当其与某些名词或形容词连用时，便有“超然于…之上”等其它意思。
例：He was above all nervousness.
他一点也不紧张。
His business dealings were above board.
他的生意来往光明正大。
No men or institutions are above the law.
任何人或机构都不可超越法律。
She was always above the common and free from
vulgarity. 她总是超凡脱俗。
When they won the game, they were above
themselves. 比赛获胜，他们兴高采烈。
④be above——在“be above
someone”或“above one’s head
