英语词类手册介词分册 第二章 几个A头介词与几个B头介词
第七节 英语介词along用法例析㈡
编者
（续前：一、介副兼类的along）
二、along与alone及along短语动词
词形与along相近的alone——近形词alone与along虽仅只有一个末字母之差异，但其表意却炯然不同，这往往给初学者造成困惑，所以有必要在此顺便提说一下。
1. alo
新浪博客
英语词类手册介词分册 第二章 几个A头介词与几个B头介词
第七节 英语介词along用法例析㈡
编者
（续前：一、介副兼类的along）
二、along与alone及along短语动词
词形与along相近的alone——近形词alone与along虽仅只有一个末字母之差异，但其表意却炯然不同，这往往给初学者造成困惑，所以有必要在此顺便提说一下。
1. alo
ng的近形词alone
⑴alone的词性与词义——alone不作介词，只用作形容词和副词。
①alone用作形容词的词义表“单独的／独自的／独一无二的／孤苦伶仃”等意，其基本含义在于陈述是“独自一个人而没有同伴或助手”的客观事实。
例：She watches TV when she is
He has a yen to be
It’s dangerous to be
I look forward to being
②alone作形容词时，一般与be等系词连用，在句中作表语；但有时也用作宾语补足语。
例：She was alone at home at that time. 那个时候她独自一人在家里。【表语】
I was
He looked around to confirm that he was
He has no inner resources and hates being
She felt very alone. 她感到很孤独。【feel半系动词】
Don’t you
He is not alone in this idea.
Never in her life had she felt so
她一生中从来没有感到如此孤单，如此无助。
但：He never let me alone. 他从不让我一人独处。【作let或leave的宾补】
Please let him
I’d prefer you to
Tell her to buzz off and
He is in a bad mood.
He was angry, wherefore I left him
You made a mistake in leaving her alone.
③alone作“单独的／孤独的”解时，虽一般用作表语，当代英语中也见其用作前置定语。
例：An alone gull flew across the sky. 一只孤单的海鸥飞过天空。【作前置定语】
This is really an alone ingenuity design. 这真是一项独具匠心的设计。
I am a like to enjoy the alone man just like you. 我是一个和你一样喜欢享受孤独得人。
His success drove out the terrible loss and alone feeling.
他的成就弥补了这次巨大的损失，驱散了孤单的感觉。
④alone用作副词的词义表“单独地／独自地／孤独地／仅仅／只有”，其基本含义是指无伴或没有别人帮助而独自干某事。
例：It’s unsafe for her to go
One should not live for oneself
After tea I wandered
He was working alone and did not have an accomplice. 他在单干，没有同伙。
The child was found wandering the streets
He sits
⑤alone用作副词修饰动词时，应该放在动词后面作状语。
例：I like to work alone. 我喜欢独自一人工作。
I would have to learn, little by little, to exist alone. 我得慢慢学会独自生活。
He’s afraid of going out／to go out
It was foolhardy (of him) to go swimming
Han Mei was reading alone when the teacher came into the classroom.
老师走进教室时，韩梅正独自一人在看书。
⑥用作副词的alone，有时也可作定语，意为“只有／仅仅”，但作定语必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。
例：Ialone
He alone
She alone
Only you and
Flickering shadows, rain
You can’t live on bread
This job alone can keep him back and belly.
Hope
It is hope
This year alone, we’ve already planted ten thousand trees.仅是今年，我们已栽了一万棵树。
⑦alone的主要含义是表“单独／孤独”，它所表示的“单独”，通常只指一个人，但有时也可指几个人甚至众多人的“单独”，即该群人整体而非其中单个成员处于孤立状态。用作形容词或副词时均如此。
例：She didn’t want to be alone with a stranger.她不愿与陌生人单独呆在一起。【此alone指两个人】
I was left to bring up my two children alone.留下我一个人带两个孩子。【本句的alone指三个人】
They were alone; so he could speak frankly. 【本句中的alone可能指几个人】
没有外人在他们旁边，所以他可以直率地讲话。
⑧alone在句中的位置不同，句子的意思也不同。
例：She alone went to college last year. 去年只有她一人考上大学了。【别人没有考上大学】
She went to college alone last year.去年她独自一人上大学去了。【没别人送她去是她独自去的】
I don’t like going out
I alone don’t like going out
⑵alone与alonely和aloneness
①在英语构词法中通常是“形容词+ly→同根副词”，因alone本身就可用作副词，所以alonely只是alone的同根形容词，意“孤独的／寂寞的／荒凉的／人迹稀少的”。
例：She often felt lonely. 她常感到寂寞。
They went to a lonely place in the mountains. 他们到了山中寂寞的地方。
Two noblemen took him to a lonely house. 两个贵族把他带到一座僻静的房子里。
I was alone, but I did not feel lonely. 我虽然孤单，但我不感到寂寞。
If you’re lonely when you’re alone, you’re in bad company. —Jean Paul Sartre
如果你独处时感到寂寞，说明没有把自己陪好。—让·保罗·萨特【法国哲学家】
They live a lonely life in a lonely house in the hills.
他们在山中一栋孤零零的房子里过着寂寞的生活。
特别提示：alone和alonely都有比较级和最高级
经查字典，形容词alone和alonely都具有比较等级：alone→aloneer→aloneest；alonely→alonelier→aloneliest，但是遗憾，没有查到相应例句。
②aloneness是alone的派生名词，意“孤独感”。
例：There is aloneness to human existence.
When your loneliness becomes aloneness—that is freedom!当你孤独变得孤独—这是自由!
I am reading a book named No Fear in Aloneness.
我正在读一本名为《在孤独中没有恐惧》的书。
And in you I have found aloneness and the joy of being shunned and scored.
在你那儿，我发现了孤独，品尝到了被遗弃和被嘲笑的欢乐。
⑶含alone的短语——多是短语动词。
①all alone单独一个／独自地
例：He is
She lives
Carol felt
She’s very independent and lives
I live
The small cabin stands on the hillside
②not alone
例：I am
Commence battle. We are
I don’t like Peter, I’m
The oil producers are
Private corporations, foreign or domestic, are
私营公司，不论是外国的还是本国的，都不是孤立的。
You are
不是你一个人这么倒霉的。我也有这种麻烦事呢。
③quite alone 孑然一身／独自一人
例：She raised her family quite
She was really
Stener was
She was in the stage-box in the stalls, and
→She felt
Spook suddenly felt
Why to always feel oneself are
People who live
时常离群索居、跟大自然生活在一起的人们都体会到这种感觉。
With her sister she was
和她姐姐在一起，她(仍)感到自己就像无情的汹涌大海里的一叶孤舟，孤苦无依。
④go it alone
例：Aspira has not had to
But regulators cannot go it alone. 但监管机构不可能单独行动。
Sometimes you just have to
Better
John wants to leave home and
⑤stand alone
例：In the art of painting he stands alone. 他在绘画方面无与伦比。
Stand alone, night night so sleepless!
She stands alone as an English teacher. 她是一位杰出的英语老师。
She stood alone on the enormous stage.
And in this I do not think that I
The pagoda stands alone on the top of the hill.
Mount Qomolangma stands alone in its magnificence.珠穆朗玛峰的宏伟是无与伦比的。
Some of the statues
Web pages can either be part of a Web site, or they can
网页可以是网站的一部分，也可以独立存在。
⑥live alone 独自生活
例：It is bad for him to
It is unwise of you to
I rent a condominium and
It is better for you to
Now that I
Mother was becoming too frail to
⑦leave alone
← A →leave well alone
← b →leave enough alone
例：We don’t allow you to
He was too much an invalid to
He will
Leave alone
Leave alone
He hasn’t enough money for food, leave alone
他连伙食钱都不够，更不必说娱乐了。
Leave alone
痛得尽管痛着，爱得依然爱着！
A →She’s in one of her moods; I’d
她就是这样怒无常，我要是你的话，就不去理她。
Any changes would be very difficult to make so it’s better to
做任何改动都很困难，还是见好就收吧。
When it comes to other people’s arguments, it’s better to
遇到别人争论时，最好别插嘴。
The present system has worked satisfactorily, so why change it? My advice is to leave well alone.
b →Let’s leave well enough alone.
Can’t you just leave well enough alone?
Although the colours were not perfectly adjusted by the television repairman, I advised him to leave well enough alone.
⑧leave sb. alone 离开某人／不招惹某人——短语动词
例：Just buzz off and leave me alone!
Tell her to buzz off and leave me alone.
I will thank you to leave me alone for a moment.
Leave me alone, or I will call the police!
Why don’t you just piss off and leave me alone?
When Joel gets mad, just let him alone.
Let’s go and leave him alone to sober up.
He is in a bad mood. Leave him alone.
Leave him alone, he’ll finish in his own good time.
Let her alone when she is not happy.
Please don’t hurt her.
Leave that little girl alone, you big bully!
Let her alone! She didn’t pick a quarrel with you!
Sarah hoped he’d take the hint and leave her alone.
萨拉希望他能明白她的意思，不来打扰她。
⑨leave sth. alone
例：Leave that alone!
Leave that alone, it’s mine.
Leave that dog alone or he’ll bite you.
I propose to leave that colour scheme alone.
I should leave that question alone if I were you.
“Leave it alone for a time,” he advised.
Mr. George left the matter alone.
⑩let
←→let well alone 别去动它／就这样好
例：I never thought of it,
I cannot afford the time, let alone
She can’t boil potatoes, let alone
The baby can not even walk,
I can not speak Italian, let alone
You can avoid all kinds of trouble by letting well alone. 随遇而安就能避免种种麻烦。
She can speak German and French,
I can’t add one and one, let alone
我连一加一等于几都不知道，更不用说做分数了。
→We’d better let well alone. 我们最好别去动它。
You’ve persuaded your father to agree to one of your requests, so I should
你已经说服你父亲答应了你的一个要求，因此我不必再插手了，以免使他改变主意。
特别提示：还有其它一些意思类似的let短语。
例：Let things drift. 听天由命吧。
The way I live is a way to let things drift.
Let things rip／slide.
No, Chu-chai, we can’t just let things slide! 竹斋，一定不能消极！
I’ve just let things slide, I’m afraid.
She got depressed and began to
Let things remain as they have been in the past.
You must act quickly on these matters and not let things drag on.
You’ll have to make a positive decision, not just
你必须作出积极的决定，而不是听其自然。
They’ll be dancing all night-we'd better just go to bed and
他们跳舞会跳通宵的，我们最好去睡觉，别管它。
（未完待续）
⑴alone的词性与词义——alone不作介词，只用作形容词和副词。
①alone用作形容词的词义表“单独的／独自的／独一无二的／孤苦伶仃”等意，其基本含义在于陈述是“独自一个人而没有同伴或助手”的客观事实。
例：She watches TV when she is
He has a yen to be
It’s dangerous to be
I look forward to being
②alone作形容词时，一般与be等系词连用，在句中作表语；但有时也用作宾语补足语。
例：She was alone at home at that time. 那个时候她独自一人在家里。【表语】
I was
He looked around to confirm that he was
He has no inner resources and hates being
She felt very alone. 她感到很孤独。【feel半系动词】
Don’t you
He is not alone in this idea.
Never in her life had she felt so
她一生中从来没有感到如此孤单，如此无助。
但：He never let me alone. 他从不让我一人独处。【作let或leave的宾补】
Please let him
I’d prefer you to
Tell her to buzz off and
He is in a bad mood.
He was angry, wherefore I left him
You made a mistake in leaving her alone.
③alone作“单独的／孤独的”解时，虽一般用作表语，当代英语中也见其用作前置定语。
例：An alone gull flew across the sky. 一只孤单的海鸥飞过天空。【作前置定语】
This is really an alone ingenuity design. 这真是一项独具匠心的设计。
I am a like to enjoy the alone man just like you. 我是一个和你一样喜欢享受孤独得人。
His success drove out the terrible loss and alone feeling.
他的成就弥补了这次巨大的损失，驱散了孤单的感觉。
④alone用作副词的词义表“单独地／独自地／孤独地／仅仅／只有”，其基本含义是指无伴或没有别人帮助而独自干某事。
例：It’s unsafe for her to go
One should not live for oneself
After tea I wandered
He was working alone and did not have an accomplice. 他在单干，没有同伙。
The child was found wandering the streets
He sits
⑤alone用作副词修饰动词时，应该放在动词后面作状语。
例：I like to work alone. 我喜欢独自一人工作。
I would have to learn, little by little, to exist alone. 我得慢慢学会独自生活。
He’s afraid of going out／to go out
It was foolhardy (of him) to go swimming
Han Mei was reading alone when the teacher came into the classroom.
老师走进教室时，韩梅正独自一人在看书。
⑥用作副词的alone，有时也可作定语，意为“只有／仅仅”，但作定语必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。
例：Ialone
He alone
She alone
Only you and
Flickering shadows, rain
You can’t live on bread
This job alone can keep him back and belly.
Hope
It is hope
This year alone, we’ve already planted ten thousand trees.仅是今年，我们已栽了一万棵树。
⑦alone的主要含义是表“单独／孤独”，它所表示的“单独”，通常只指一个人，但有时也可指几个人甚至众多人的“单独”，即该群人整体而非其中单个成员处于孤立状态。用作形容词或副词时均如此。
例：She didn’t want to be alone with a stranger.她不愿与陌生人单独呆在一起。【此alone指两个人】
I was left to bring up my two children alone.留下我一个人带两个孩子。【本句的alone指三个人】
They were alone; so he could speak frankly. 【本句中的alone可能指几个人】
没有外人在他们旁边，所以他可以直率地讲话。
⑧alone在句中的位置不同，句子的意思也不同。
例：She alone went to college last year. 去年只有她一人考上大学了。【别人没有考上大学】
She went to college alone last year.去年她独自一人上大学去了。【没别人送她去是她独自去的】
I don’t like going out
I alone don’t like going out
⑵alone与alonely和aloneness
①在英语构词法中通常是“形容词+ly→同根副词”，因alone本身就可用作副词，所以alonely只是alone的同根形容词，意“孤独的／寂寞的／荒凉的／人迹稀少的”。
例：She often felt lonely. 她常感到寂寞。
They went to a lonely place in the mountains. 他们到了山中寂寞的地方。
Two noblemen took him to a lonely house. 两个贵族把他带到一座僻静的房子里。
I was alone, but I did not feel lonely. 我虽然孤单，但我不感到寂寞。
If you’re lonely when you’re alone, you’re in bad company. —Jean Paul Sartre
如果你独处时感到寂寞，说明没有把自己陪好。—让·保罗·萨特【法国哲学家】
They live a lonely life in a lonely house in the hills.
他们在山中一栋孤零零的房子里过着寂寞的生活。
特别提示：alone和alonely都有比较级和最高级
经查字典，形容词alone和alonely都具有比较等级：alone→aloneer→aloneest；alonely→alonelier→aloneliest，但是遗憾，没有查到相应例句。
②aloneness是alone的派生名词，意“孤独感”。
例：There is aloneness to human existence.
When your loneliness becomes aloneness—that is freedom!当你孤独变得孤独—这是自由!
I am reading a book named No Fear in Aloneness.
我正在读一本名为《在孤独中没有恐惧》的书。
And in you I have found aloneness and the joy of being shunned and scored.
在你那儿，我发现了孤独，品尝到了被遗弃和被嘲笑的欢乐。
⑶含alone的短语——多是短语动词。
①all alone单独一个／独自地
例：He is
She lives
Carol felt
She’s very independent and lives
I live
The small cabin stands on the hillside
②not alone
例：I am
Commence battle. We are
I don’t like Peter, I’m
The oil producers are
Private corporations, foreign or domestic, are
私营公司，不论是外国的还是本国的，都不是孤立的。
You are
不是你一个人这么倒霉的。我也有这种麻烦事呢。
③quite alone 孑然一身／独自一人
例：She raised her family quite
She was really
Stener was
She was in the stage-box in the stalls, and
→She felt
Spook suddenly felt
Why to always feel oneself are
People who live
时常离群索居、跟大自然生活在一起的人们都体会到这种感觉。
With her sister she was
和她姐姐在一起，她(仍)感到自己就像无情的汹涌大海里的一叶孤舟，孤苦无依。
④go it alone
例：Aspira has not had to
But regulators cannot go it alone. 但监管机构不可能单独行动。
Sometimes you just have to
Better
John wants to leave home and
⑤stand alone
例：In the art of painting he stands alone. 他在绘画方面无与伦比。
Stand alone, night night so sleepless!
She stands alone as an English teacher. 她是一位杰出的英语老师。
She stood alone on the enormous stage.
And in this I do not think that I
The pagoda stands alone on the top of the hill.
Mount Qomolangma stands alone in its magnificence.珠穆朗玛峰的宏伟是无与伦比的。
Some of the statues
Web pages can either be part of a Web site, or they can
网页可以是网站的一部分，也可以独立存在。
⑥live alone 独自生活
例：It is bad for him to
It is unwise of you to
I rent a condominium and
It is better for you to
Now that I
Mother was becoming too frail to
⑦leave alone
← A →leave well alone
← b →leave enough alone
例：We don’t allow you to
He was too much an invalid to
He will
Leave alone
Leave alone
He hasn’t enough money for food, leave alone
他连伙食钱都不够，更不必说娱乐了。
Leave alone
痛得尽管痛着，爱得依然爱着！
A →She’s in one of her moods; I’d
她就是这样怒无常，我要是你的话，就不去理她。
Any changes would be very difficult to make so it’s better to
做任何改动都很困难，还是见好就收吧。
When it comes to other people’s arguments, it’s better to
遇到别人争论时，最好别插嘴。
The present system has worked satisfactorily, so why change it? My advice is to leave well alone.
b →Let’s leave well enough alone.
Can’t you just leave well enough alone?
Although the colours were not perfectly adjusted by the television repairman, I advised him to leave well enough alone.
⑧leave sb. alone 离开某人／不招惹某人——短语动词
例：Just buzz off and leave me alone!
Tell her to buzz off and leave me alone.
I will thank you to leave me alone for a moment.
Leave me alone, or I will call the police!
Why don’t you just piss off and leave me alone?
When Joel gets mad, just let him alone.
Let’s go and leave him alone to sober up.
He is in a bad mood. Leave him alone.
Leave him alone, he’ll finish in his own good time.
Let her alone when she is not happy.
Please don’t hurt her.
Leave that little girl alone, you big bully!
Let her alone! She didn’t pick a quarrel with you!
Sarah hoped he’d take the hint and leave her alone.
萨拉希望他能明白她的意思，不来打扰她。
⑨leave sth. alone
例：Leave that alone!
Leave that alone, it’s mine.
Leave that dog alone or he’ll bite you.
I propose to leave that colour scheme alone.
I should leave that question alone if I were you.
“Leave it alone for a time,” he advised.
Mr. George left the matter alone.
⑩let
←→let well alone 别去动它／就这样好
例：I never thought of it,
I cannot afford the time, let alone
She can’t boil potatoes, let alone
The baby can not even walk,
I can not speak Italian, let alone
You can avoid all kinds of trouble by letting well alone. 随遇而安就能避免种种麻烦。
She can speak German and French,
I can’t add one and one, let alone
我连一加一等于几都不知道，更不用说做分数了。
→We’d better let well alone. 我们最好别去动它。
You’ve persuaded your father to agree to one of your requests, so I should
你已经说服你父亲答应了你的一个要求，因此我不必再插手了，以免使他改变主意。
特别提示：还有其它一些意思类似的let短语。
例：Let things drift. 听天由命吧。
The way I live is a way to let things drift.
Let things rip／slide.
No, Chu-chai, we can’t just let things slide! 竹斋，一定不能消极！
I’ve just let things slide, I’m afraid.
She got depressed and began to
Let things remain as they have been in the past.
You must act quickly on these matters and not let things drag on.
You’ll have to make a positive decision, not just
你必须作出积极的决定，而不是听其自然。
They’ll be dancing all night-we'd better just go to bed and
他们跳舞会跳通宵的，我们最好去睡觉，别管它。
（未完待续）