英语词类手册介词分册第二章第九节英语介词after用法例析
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英语词类手册介词分册
第二章
几个A头介词与几个B头介词
编者 四川大竹
张有樑
第九节
英语介词after用法例析
一、after及其习用介词短语
1.兼类多义的after
我们初学者最先接触到的after恐怕都是属于介词，其实after还常用作连词，也可用作形容词和副词。
非介词用法的after
形容词after“以后的
／往后的”——用作名词前置定语，位在名词与冠词或介词之间。
例：The after results
of the explosion were terrible.
这场爆炸的后果是惊人的。【在冠词后面】
Sure, we have a good after sale service.
当然肯定，我们的售后服务很好。
Complaint is piling up about the
after-sale service.
人们对售后服务抱怨日益增多。
In theafter years the sailor did not get
home often.
在往后的几年里这个水手经常不回家。
Just as an after thought, why not ask
Jim?
这是事后想起的，为什么不问问吉姆呢?
He grew weak in after years.
在以后的几年里,他身体越来越衰弱了。【在介词后面】
副词after“后来／(一段时间)以后”——after用作副词通常要放在另一时间副词之后，一般多是出现在几个固定搭配的词组或短语中，如soon
after、ever
after等【例见后“副词+after”】；有时也见副词after直接用于名词之后，如：the
day
after(第二天／次日)、two
days after
(两天后)【two
days after=two days later =after two
days】、three days after
(三天后)等；但如若这after后还有名词或从句，那它就是介词或连词。
例：He returned twenty years after.
20年后他回来了。
We had dinner and went home after.
我们吃完晚饭后就回家了。【go
home回家】
Tom went on Monday, and Mary left the day
after. 汤姆星期一走的，玛丽第二天就离开了。
John came last Tuesday, and I arrived the day
after. 约翰是上星期二来的，我则于次日到达。
He left on Thursday and returned two days
after. 他星期四离开，两天后回来。
He was seized with illness, and died two days
after. 他受到疾病的侵染，死于两天后。
He fell ill on Monday and died five days after.
他周一生病，五天以后就死了。
The Bisho arrived and visited the
hospital four days after.
主教到任四天后参观了医院。
They came at noon and left three hours after.
他们中午来，三小时后就走了。
Three hours after he fell asleep
on the couch.
他躺在长沙发上睡了三个小时之后。
但：I saw them after I arrived.
我到达后看到过他们。 【连词】
The new reading lamp broke two days after I
bought it 新买的台灯隔天就坏了。
His mother died three days after
he was born.
他出世才三天，妈妈就去世了。
Ok, we’ll come at eleven the day
after tomorrow.
好吧，我们后天11点去。【介词】
I bought the book the day after
its issue.
我在书发行的第二天就买了这本书。
Two days after his
arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天以后，我拜访了他。
The patient came to his senses three hours
after the
operation.手术后三小时病人醒过来了。
If today is Wednesday, the day
after tomorrow will be Friday.
今天要是星期三，后天就是星期五。
连词after“在…以后”——连词after引导的时间状语从句如果具有将来意义，往往要用一般现在时来表示【有时也用现在完成时】，而不能直接用一般将来时；若是过去某一时间内先后发生了两个动作，由于after本身已说明了两个动作的先后关系，所以主句和从句两者均可用一般过去时。
例：I’ll tell him after you
leave／have left.
你走了之后我再告诉他。
After he (had) closed the door, he left
the house. 关了门之后，他就离开了家。
Poor Lionel went to pieces after his
wife died.
可怜的莱昂内尔在妻子死后垮了下来。
I found your coat after you had left the
house. 你离开房子之后，我发现了你的外衣。
His odds are very poor after he sprained
his wrist.
他扭伤了手腕，获胜的可能性极小。
The sun burst through after the clouds
rolled away.
乌云滚滚而去后，太阳破云而出。
介词after的用法
表示时间“在…以后／超过【美】”——这是after用得最多的基本词义。而且，after介词短语有时有时可以替换以连词after引导的时间状语从句，而意义不变。
例：It’s ten after eight.
现在是八点十分。【美语表(…点)过(…分)的表达结构】
It’s almost a quarter after two.
就快两点一刻了。【英语中after处用past】
He had had a blackout after the
accident. 事故发生后，他晕过去一阵子。
Rose bushes shoot again after being cut
back. 玫瑰丛修剪後还能再长出新枝。
He departed after a long and painful
illness. 他经历了长期痛苦的疾病之后死去了
The eggs began to decompose after a day
in the sun.
鸡蛋在太阳下放了一天后开始变坏。
After harvest we will have a mass
of rice.
秋收后，我们将获得大量稻谷。【放在句首】
After a day at the races I was
left stony broke.
一天赛马会下来,我一贫如洗。【stony
broke身无分文】
After hearing the good news,
Charles walked on air.
听到这个好消息，查尔斯喜气洋洋。
且：He went to school after
breakfast【=after he had
breakfast】.
吃了早饭之后，他就上学去了。【介词after】
I went to bed after l had
finished【=After having finished / After
finishing / Having】my work.
我干完活后就去睡觉了。【连词after】
表示位置、顺序“在…后面／随…之后／跟在…之后”——表时间、次序都属介词after的基本词义。
例：Blacken after combing once.
一梳即黑。【先梳后黑表顺序】
I wrote my name after Penny’s.
我把自己的名字写在彭尼的下面。
The road turns to the left after the
church. 这条路在经过教堂之後向左转弯。
A few kilometres after the village, turn right.
过了村庄之后再前行几公里，向右转。
The door shut with a bang after the
angry man.
那人愤怒地走出屋把门砰地一声关上了。
He walked out, and Louise
went after him.
他走了出去，路易丝也跟着出去了。
Some people were after him for large
amounts of money. 有些人为了大笔钱而追随他。
表示原因“由于／鉴于／因为／以…之故／考虑到”——此乃after引申意义之一，当其时间概念被降到次要地位而突出了原因时，after短语就可以被视为原因状语。
例：The town was forced to yield
after a long siege.
该城受长期围困而被迫弃守。
After what he did to my family, I
hate him. 由於他对我家的所作所为,
我才恨他。
You must be feeling tired, after that long
walk. 你走了那么长路，一定觉得累了吧。
He succeeded in solving the problem after
hard work.由于努力干，他终于解决了那个问题。
He was fired from his job after roughing up a
colleague. 【rough
up殴打／伤害】
他因为对一位同事动粗而被开除了。
A safety installation was fixed to the machine
after several people were
injured.
鉴于好几个人受了伤，在机器上安装了一个安全设备。
表示条件“与…一致／符合”
例：Only after a bitter
struggle was the aim achieved.
这个目的只有经过艰苦的斗争才能达到。
He was a boy after the hopes and expectations of his
parents
