xueli:TheRecentCPCResolutionandSino-USRelations
2019-11-23 21:45阅读：
本文为中美聚焦（China-US
Focus）约稿，中英文同时发表。灰机上写的一篇小文，那天在万米高空，似乎头脑比较清晰，加上是商务舱，倒是可以写点文字。先认真学习了三大文件，感觉有收获，大致明白了为什么会有十九届四中全会的主题与“决定”。发表版链接为：The
Recent CPC Resolution and Sino-US Relations - Xue Li - CHINA US
Focus
https://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/the-recent-cpc-resolution-and-sino-us-relations
The Recent CPC Resolution and the Sino-U.S.
Relations
Xue Li
The “Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of China on Upholding and Improving the Socialist System with
Chinese Characteristics and on Modernizing the System and Capacity
for the Governance of China” was adopted at the Fourth Plenary
Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee on October 31, 2019. What
does this Resolution mean to China? And what does it mean to
China’s relations with the United States?
What can China benefit from the Resolution?
Since X took
office in 2012, he has rarely worked to separate CPC and government
affairs as part of political reforms. However, he repeatedly
stressed CPC leadership as the most essential feature and the
greatest advantage of socialism in China. The reason is that in the
past 70 years, under CPC leadership, China first gained
independence and later emerged as the world's second largest
economy, and is now expected to become a developed and strong
modern socialist country by the middle of this century. This
political system, which allows China to become independent, rich
and strong, is undoubtedly an effective system suitable for the
country. Therefore, what China must do next is not to
conduct political reforms, but under CPC
leadership, to improve the system and capacity for the governance
of China in order to realize the Two Centenary Goals, namely, a
moderately prosperous society in all respects and a modern
socialist country.
For this reason, at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC
Central Committee in 2013, the CPC decided for the first time to
“modernize the system and capacity for the governance of China.” It
also made it the overall objective of China’s reform to “improve
and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and
modernize the system and capacity for the governance of China.” The
session was meaningful in that it marked the CPC’s beginning of its
systematic design and implementation of reform.
Taking into account the importance of this issue, the
Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee’s Political Bureau
and the Political Bureau met on February 28 and March 29,
respectively, and decided that this issue should be discussed at
the the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee. A
team was thus established to draft the Resolution and started to
work under the leadership of the Standing Committee of the
Political Bureau.
The drafting team began to function in April. The team worked
out a draft Resolution based on a review of relevant CPC documents,
on a summary of the experiences in China's revolution,
construction, and reform, especially the main theories and
practices since the 18th CPC National Congress, and on repeated
discussions. At the beginning of September, the first draft
Resolution was issued within a certain scope of the CPC including
veteran members for discussion. These people proposed 1,948
revisions, 436 of which were accepted. In addition, supplements
were made, contents were rewritten, and wording was improved in 283
places of the draft Resolution. The Resolution was finalized with
15 parts and 18,449 Chinese characters.
The main significance of the Resolution for China is that it
answered the question of what China should uphold and strengthen
and what it should improve and develop.
What will the Resolution’s impact on Sino-U.S. relations
be?
For China now, the first consideration is not diplomacy, but
the decisive factor that affects China's present and future.
Therefore, the Resolution did not mention the United States.
However, the United States is the only single country that exerts
the most influence over China, although the impact is significantly
lower than when China first began to reform and open up. Moreover,
the process of drafting and revising the Resolution coincided with
the Sino-U.S. trade war. This could not be ignored in the drafting
process.
In his explanation of the Resolution, X
stated that the Resolution is a powerful
guarantee of China’s success in responding to risks and challenges
and gaining initiative. These risks and challenges come from
economic, social, natural, domestic, and foreign sources. The U.S.
factor is undoubtedly an integral part of foreign risks and
challenges. To this end, China must uphold and improve the
socialist system with Chinese characteristics, modernize the system
and capacity for its governance, and 'use the power of the system
to cope with the impact of risks and challenges.'
The Resolution emphasizes the need to improve the national
security system, pursue a holistic
approach to national security, balance development and
security, improve mechanisms for identifying and defusing national
security risks and boost China’s ability to guard against and
defuse these risks. Therefore, in its diplomacy with
the United States, China will think about worst-case scenarios and
work to play a more important
role in agenda-setting related to
bilateral relations
Maintaining peace and realizing development remains China's
central task. Therefore, the Resolution emphasizes that China will
uphold an independent foreign policy of peace, promote the building
of a human community with a shared future, and advance the
establishment of an open system of cooperation and win-win results.
To this end, China will follow the global
governance principle of achieving shared growth through discussion
and collaboration, actively participate in the reform
and development of the system for global governance, stand
for multilateralism and
democracy in international relations, and work for
the reform of the mechanism of global economic
governance.
The Resolution also emphasizes that China will
uphold the mutually beneficial strategy of opening up,
contribute to the high-quality development of the Belt and Road
Initiative, safeguard and improve the multilateral trading system,
promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and
help create a global, high-standard free trade zone
network. The Resolution stresses that China will also
support other developing countries in improving their
capacity for independent development, and help resolve issues such
as uneven global development and
the digital divide, and contribute to an open world
economy.
It can be seen that while thinking about worst-case
scenarios, China has not closed itself and has no intention of
'decoupling from ' or 'pursuing a comprehensive confrontation with”
the United States. On the contrary, it will continue to promote the
Belt and Road Initiative in an open and inclusive manner. China
welcomes the continued cooperation of the U.S. government,
institutions, and individuals. China believes that both China and
the United States have many areas and issues on which they can
cooperate with each other, whether in either of them or in a
third-party market.
（Translated by Tong
Xiaohua）
