以write为例的八种动词时态
2013-07-26 09:18阅读：
牢记这8个句子：
1. We write a composition every week.
2. I am writing a composition now.
3. Tom has written his composition and he wants to play.
4. We will write a composition next Monday.
5. Mary wrote a composition last night.
6. He was writing a composition when I got to his house.
7. I had written my composition before the bell rang.
8. She said she would write a composition next week.
【语法讲解】
1. We write a composition every
week.
【一般现在时】表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作以及事物现在的特征或状态。
【构成】动词原形。主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要加s，(be用am, is, are)。
【常用的时间短语】now, at present, nowadays, today, always, forever,
usually, often, sometimes, at times, from time to time, seldom,
never 等。
He writes a composition every week.
I am a student. He is very upset. It is fine today. They are on the
playground now.
【注意】客观真理：
Light travels faster than sound.
在时间或者条件从句中，用一般时，不用将来时：
I don’t know when she will come. When she come
s, please tell her the good news.
2. I am writing a composition now. Don’t
trouble me.
【现在进行时】表示现在此时此刻正在进行的动作。
【构成】be (am, is, are ) + 现在分词(动词-ing)。
【常用的时间短语】now, right now, at present, today, at the moment等。
【注意】下列两句话不表示进行：
My friends are coming to our party tonight. （将来）
Mary is always coming late. （批评）
此外，有些动词表示静态意义(如“拥有，观点”等have, belong to, like, think)，不用进行时。
I have two brothers. 我有两个兄弟。
I’m having breakfast. 我正在吃早餐。
3. Tom has written his composition and he
wants to play now.
【现在完成时】
(1) 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响。
(2) 表示动作发生在过去，但一直延续到现在。
【构成】have (has) + 过去分词(动词-ed)。
【常用的时间短语】just, already, yet, before, for a week, for a long time,
since 2008, in the past (last) three years等。
Tom has eaten something. He is not hungry now.
汤姆吃了一些东西，他现在不饿了。
His uncle has worked in this factory since he left the army.
他叔叔自从离开部队以来一直在这家工厂上班。
We’ve known each other for about two years. 我们认识大约有两年了。
How long have you waited here? 你在这儿等了多久？
【注意】在现代英语中，常用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
I saw the film already. (= I have seen the film already.)
我看过这部电影。
4. We will write a composition next
Monday.
【一般将来时】表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
【构成】will +原形动词 （主语是I, we时，可用shall）
【常用的时间短语】in the future, tomorrow, next week (month, year)
I will graduate from middle school next month.
She’ll be twenty years old next year.
—When will you be able to give us an answer?
—Tomorrow.
【注意】一般将来时还有其他表示法。
(1) be going to +不定式。如：
We’re going to put up a hospital here. 我们打算在这儿建一所医院。
There is going to be a lot of trouble. 这件事会有许多麻烦的。
(2) be to +不定式。如：
I’m to see off Mr. Brown this afternoon. 今天下午我要去与布朗先生告别。
When are they to hand in their plan? 他们什么时候交计划？
(3) be about to +不定式。如：
He is about to leave for Shanghai. 他就要到上海去。
5. Mary wrote a composition last
night.
【一般过去时】表示过去任何一个时间发生的，或者过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
【构成】动词的过去式。
【常用的时间短语】last year, in 1990, yesterday, that
day。凡是已经过去了的时间都可以，包括this morning等。
I went to bed at about ten last night.
She often came to help us when she was free.
6. He was writing a composition when I got
to his house.
【过去进行时】表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
【构成】be (was, were) + 现在分词(动词-ing)
【常用的时间短语】this time yesterday, at ten yesterday morning, at that
time, at that moment, then等。
—What were you doing at this time yesterday?
—I was writing a letter to Mr. Brown.
The UFO was traveling from east to west when he saw it.
I was reading a book when someone knocked at the door.
I found a wallet on the ground when I was walking in the
street.
7. I had written my composition before the
bell rang.
【过去完成时】表示在过去某个时间之前发生的动作。关于“过去完成时”，有不少同学认为它是指“过去完成的动作”，这是非常错误的理解。通俗一点解释就是：两个动作都发生在过去，较早的那个动作用过去完成时，另一个用一般过去式。它的实质就是“过去的过去”。
【构成】had +过去分词(动词-ed)
【常用的时间短语】by the time…, by the end of等。例如：
The train had left by the time we got to the station.
He had learned 3000 English by the end of last term.
The children ran away because they had broken the window.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he
arrived at the party.
He told me that he had broken his glasses.
【注意】当两个动作先后分明，谁先谁后一眼就看出来时，在先的那个动作则不必用过去完成时，如：
He came in and sat down, and then took out his pen.
或者有after, before时，如：
After we said goodbye to them, we left the village.
我们向他们道别后，离开了村庄。
I heard a sudden cry just before I turned off the light.
就在我熄灯前，我听到突如其来的一声叫喊。
8. She said she would write a composition
next week.
【过去将来时】表示从过去某个时间看，将要发生的事情。
【构成】would +原形动词
【常用的时间短语】the next day, the following week, in the future等。
He said that he would go to college next year.
I thought they would not come to our party if we didn’t invite
them.
【注意】并非所有的would都表示过去将来时。请看：
Would you come and have tea with us?
I would like to watch T V now.
Whenever I caught cold, she would send for a doctor.
过去将来时的其他表示法。
(1) was (were) going to +原形动词：
He told us that he was going to spend his summer holidays in the
countryside. 他告诉我们他打算到乡下去度暑假。
(2) was (were) to +原形动词：
I was told that my girl friend was to see me the next day.
我得知我的女朋友第二天要来看我。
(3) was (were) about to +原形动词：
As the girl was about to turn to the next customer, the old lady
handed her the little package. 当姑娘就要转向下一个顾客时，老太太把小包裹递给了她。
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