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念珠在传统瑜伽中的含义

2015-01-21 14:53阅读：

http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/u/3649157462

The Meaning of the Mala in the Yogic Tradition

念珠（Mala）在瑜伽传统中的含义

念珠在传统瑜伽中的含义本文由白大卫老师真诚推荐 作者：印度教灵性导师 尼诗查拉南达 翻译：丁楠
Number of Beads and their Symbolism.
珠子的数量及其象征意义
The most common mala consists of108 beads, although those of 27 and 54 are also used. In Yoga, 108 is considered a sacred number. The reason is as follows:
最常见的念珠有108颗珠子，也有些为27颗或54颗。108在瑜伽里被视为神圣的数字，原因如下：
The number 1 represents Oneness, Unity, Perfection and Totality.
数字1代表合一（Oneness），联结(Unity)，圆满(Perfe
ction)和完整(Totality)。
The number 8 symbolises Nature, the manifest universe, as well as the individual personality. According to certain schools of Yoga, we are made up of 8 tattwas (subtle elements): prithvi (earth, solidity, structure), apas (water, fluidity; all fluids), agni (fire, chemical processes), vayu (air, electromagnetic forces), akasha (space), manas* (individual mind), ahamkara (ego, individuating principle) and buddhi (faculty which permits the flow of Awareness).
数字8象征自然（Nature）、宇宙的显现以及个体的人格。某些瑜伽学派认为，我们由8种精微元素（tattwas）组成，分别是: 土地，稳固，构建 (prithvi)；水，流动、所有流质体 (apas)；火，化学变化的过程 (agni)； 空气，电磁力(vayu )； 空间(akasha )； 个体的思想(manas*)； 自我，个人的原则 (ahamkara) 和允许意识流动的部分 (buddhi)。
The 0 symbolises shoonya (transparency or emptiness).
数字0象征透明或空无 (梵文为shoonya)。
Therefore, the number 108 indicates that when there is complete transparency (0) between the individual personality (8) and the totality (1), there is a state of Transcendence. When the mind is empty of thought and mental agitation (0), then the individual (8) is in perfect osmosis with Consciousness (1). From the viewpoint of Yoga, the number 108 symbolises the fulfilment of human life.
因此，108暗示着在个体人格（数字8）和完整性（数字1）之间存在着完完全全的透明，这是一种超然的状态。当头脑不被思想占据且不受精神的扰乱（数字0）,个体（数字8）便会与意识（数字1）完美的融合。从瑜伽的角度来说，数字108象征着人类生活的圆满。
念珠在传统瑜伽中的含义
Japa encourages this transparency between the individual personality and underlying Consciousness. Therefore, the number of beads on the mala symbolise the purpose of doing Japa (repetition of mantra). The numbers 54 and 27 are important merely because they are divisions of 108. Moreover, the individual digits of all these numbers 27, 54, 108 and even 1008, always add up to 9. In numerology, the number 9 symbolises the perfection of human life. Therefore, whether you use a mala with 108, 54 or 27, or even 1008, it always symbolises the aim of Yoga: to lead us to perfection and realisation of our essential Nature. Use a mala with whatever number of beads suits you.
持咒 (Japa)促使个体人格与潜在的意识之间更加透明。因此，念珠的颗数代表着持咒（重复地颂咒语）。数字54和27之所以重要，也是因为它们能够被108整除。此外，27、54、108，甚至是1008，这些数字单个相加后总能得到9。在数字命理学中，数字9象征着人类生活的圆满。所以无论你的念珠有108颗，54颗，27颗，甚至1008颗，它总是象征着瑜伽的宗旨：引导我们走向完美，并实现我们根本的天性。可以选择任何（颗数）适合你的念珠。
The Structure of the Mala.
念珠的结构
The beads are separated from each other by a special kind of knot called a brahma granthi (literally, ‘the knot of Brahma’).The mala is made into a continuous loop by joining the two ends together using an extra bead, known as the sumeru (the summit), which is offset from the other beads. The sumeru bead is an essential part of the mala and is regarded as both the starting and ending point for all mala rotations. It acts as a reference point so that the practitioner can count the number of mala rotations during Japa.
念珠的珠子由一种特殊的绳结（被称为brahma granthi，字面意思是“梵天之结”）隔开。念珠的两端通过特殊的绳结拴在一起，形成连续的环状，绳结是从另外一颗珠子中串出的，这一颗被称为sumeru（顶珠），独立于其他的珠子。顶珠是念珠必不可少的一部分，它同时被视为所有念珠循环的起点和终点。它是一个参考点，以方便持念珠者计算唱诵的遍数。
念珠在传统瑜伽中的含义
How to Use the Mala.
如何使用念珠
The tips of the thumb and ring finger should lightly pressed together and the mala is supported, but not held, at their junction. The middle finger is used to rotate the mala. The second and small fingers are not used but are held away from the mala (as shown above).
大拇指和无名指的指尖轻轻相触，持住念珠但不要用力拿捏，力度介于二者之间。中指用来旋转珠子，食指和小指没有用到，但是需与念珠保持一定距离（如图所示）。
Other traditions have other ways of holding the mala which are equally valid. For example, the mala is often held in the right hand, draped over the last three fingers and rotated with the thumb. Use whatever method you prefer.
某些传统有其他持念珠的方法，都是可行的。例如，通常用右手持念珠，用后面三个手指托住，大拇指转珠子。可以根据自己的喜好选择持念珠的方法。
Start your practice at the sumeru bead. Rotate the mala, bead by bead, synchronised with each repetition of the mantra, until you return to the sumeru. This obstruction will tell you that you have finished one round of Japa.
从顶结的珠子开始练习，一颗一颗地拨转念珠，同时伴随经文的重复，直到你回到顶结。这样的中止会告诉你，你已完成了一遍唱诵。
By Swami Nishchalananda


本​文由白大卫老师真诚推荐
作者：印度教灵性导师 尼诗查拉南达
翻译：丁楠
（转载请注明出处）

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