MATLAB提取图像中的数据

2015-07-06 15:06阅读：

http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/u/3810608599

前几天看到一篇日志关于如何利用MATLAB编写GUI函数，实现从图像中提取数据，便认真学习了一番。（原地址：http://shanyunh.blog.163.com/blog/static/78878720115963541567/）由于本人属于菜鸟级，实在不懂作者所给代码应该放在哪一个callback函数中，于是通过查各种资料，复现了该程序，对于GUI有了更好的学习和理解，非常感谢作者的贡献，我现将这个程序的过程给出详细的解释和说明，希望对像我一样的菜鸟们有所帮助。
具体步骤：
1. 在MATLAB新建菜单中，选择Graphical User Interface，再选Blank GUI（Default）选项，按照下图建立用户界面。

MATLAB提取图像中的数据

其中：edit控件的tag分别为：fileEdit（用于选择文件目录），countEdit（用于显示当前所取点的数目，12为设定的默认值，可为任意值或不要也可以），xmin，xmax，ymin，ymax（用于设定坐标轴起始值）；
pushbutton控件的tag依次为：pushbutton1，pushbutton2，ZoomPB，LinePB，change，save，功能显而易见；
Popupmenu控件tag为：xTypePM，yTypePM
坐标系控件tag为默认的axes1.
2. 创建好上述界面后点击保存，会自动弹出.m文件，寻找适当位置添加一下代码即可。

function varargout = test(varargin)
%TEST M-file for test.fig
% TEST, by itself, creates a new TEST or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = TEST returns the handle to a new TEST or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% TEST('Property','Value',...) creates a new TEST using the
% given property value pairs. Unrecognized properties are passed via
% varargin to test_OpeningFcn. This calling syntax produces a
% warning when there is an existing singleton*.
%
% TEST('CALLBACK') and TEST('CALLBACK',hObject,...) call the
% local function named CALLBACK in TEST.M with the given input
% arguments.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose 'GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)'.
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help test
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 06-Jul-2015 09:18:28
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @test_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @test_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [], ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before test is made visible.
function test_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin unrecognized PropertyName/PropertyValue pairs from the
% command line (see VARARGIN)
handles.dataCount=0;
handles.linedata=[];
handles.axesCount=0;
handles.axesdata=[];
handles.optMode='pickaxes';
handles.datah=[];
handles.axesh=[];
handles.newdata=[];
himage=findobj('tag','axes1');
axes(himage);
% Choose default command line output for test
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes test wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = test_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%******************************* Step1 ***********************************
% Select the figure you want to deal with.
% Then import it.
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[file,path]=uigetfile({'*.jpg','图片文件(*.jpg)';'*.*','所有文件'},'请选择待分析图片...');
if ~isequal(file, 0)
cd(path);
set(handles.fileEdit,'String',[path file]);
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
handles.dataCount=0;
handles.axesCount=0;
image_temp=imread(get(handles.fileEdit,'String'));
imshow(image_temp); %read and show
handles.ximage=size(image_temp,2);
handles.yimage=size(image_temp,1);
guidata(hObject,handles);
% 更新状态栏
h=findobj('tag','countEdit');
set(h,'String',num2str(handles.dataCount));

%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%******************************* step 2 ***********************************
% Select your option: pick data of axes or curve
% Then click on the figure and press down 'space' to save it
% Notes: the axes needs three dots
% the curve needs six dots at least
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
% --- Executes on button press in ZoomPB.
function ZoomPB_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to ZoomPB (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
handles.optMode='pickaxes';
guidata(hObject,handles);
% --- Executes on button press in LinePB.
function LinePB_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to LinePB (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
handles.optMode='pickdata';
guidata(hObject,handles);
% --- Executes on key press with focus on figure1 or any of its controls.
function figure1_WindowKeyPressFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to figure1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata structure with the following fields (see FIGURE)
% Key: name of the key that was pressed, in lower case
% Character: character interpretation of the key(s) that was pressed
% Modifier: name(s) of the modifier key(s) (i.e., control, shift) pressed
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
p=get(gca,'CurrentPoint');
switch handles.optMode
case ('pickdata')
if p(end,1)>0&&p(end,1)0&&p(end,2)
handles.dataCount=handles.dataCount+1;
handles.linedata(handles.dataCount,:)=p(end,1:2);
set(handles.countEdit,'String',num2str(handles.dataCount));
hold on;
handles.datah(handles.dataCount,1)=plot(p(end,1),p(end,2),'b*');
guidata(hObject, handles);
end
case ('pickaxes')
if p(end,1)>0&&p(end,1)0&&p(end,2)<3
handles.axesCount=handles.axesCount+1;
handles.axesdata(handles.axesCount,:)=p(end,1:2);
set(handles.countEdit,'String',num2str(handles.axesCount));
hold on;
handles.axesh(handles.axesCount,1)=plot(p(end,1),p(end,2),'r+');
guidata(hObject, handles);
end
end
% switch get(gcf,'CurrentKey')
%
% case('space')
%
% PickDataPB_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles);
%
% case('z')
%
% ZoomPB_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles);
%
% case('m')
%
% PanPB_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles);
%
% case('delete')
%
% switch handles.optMode
%
% case ('pickdata')
%
% if(handles.dataCount>0)
%
% delete(handles.datah(handles.dataCount,1));
%
% handles.dataCount=handles.dataCount-1;
%
% set(handles.countEdit,'String',num2str(handles.dataCount));
%
% guidata(hObject, handles);
%
% end
%
% case ('pickaxes')
%
% if(handles.axesCount>0)
%
% delete(handles.axesh(handles.axesCount,1));
%
% handles.axesCount=handles.axesCount-1;
%
% set(handles.countEdit,'String',num2str(handles.axesCount));
%
% guidata(hObject, handles);
%
% end
%
% end
%
% end
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%******************************* Step 3 **********************************
% Press down change to tackle your data and draw your figure
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
% --- Executes on button press in change.
function change_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to change (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
xmin=str2double(get(handles.xmin,'String'));
xmax=str2double(get(handles.xmax,'String'));
ymin=str2double(get(handles.ymin,'String'));
ymax=str2double(get(handles.ymax,'String'));
xType=get(handles.xTypePM,'value');
yType=get(handles.yTypePM,'value');
%数据分类整理
tmpaxes=handles.axesdata;
ct=6;
[c,r]=max(tmpaxes(:,1));
axesxP=tmpaxes(r,:);
ct=ct-r;
[c,r]=min(tmpaxes(:,2));
axesyP=tmpaxes(r,:);
ct=ct-r;
originP=handles.axesdata(ct,:);
Data=zeros(handles.dataCount,2);
data_new=zeros(handles.dataCount,2);
%起点归零和坐标调整
for i=1:handles.dataCount
Data(i,2)=det([originP-axesxP;handles.linedata(i,:)-axesxP])/norm(originP-axesxP);
Data(i,1)=-det([originP-axesyP;handles.linedata(i,:)-axesyP])/norm(originP-axesyP);
end
switch xType
case 1
data_new(:,1)=Data(:,1)/pdist([originP;axesxP]); %坐标归一化
data_new(:,1)=xmin+data_new(:,1)*(xmax-xmin); %数据还原
case 2
data_new(:,1)=Data(:,1)/pdist([originP;axesxP]); %坐标归一化
data_new(:,1)=10.^(log10(xmin)+data_new(:,1)*(log10(xmax)-log10(xmin)));
end
switch yType
case 1
data_new(:,2)=Data(:,2)/pdist([originP;axesyP]);
data_new(:,2)=ymin+data_new(:,2)*(ymax-ymin);
case 2'
data_new(:,2)=Data(:,2)/pdist([originP;axesyP]); %坐标归一化
data_new(:,2)=10.^(log10(ymin)+data_new(:,2)*(log10(ymax)-log10(ymin))); %数据还原
end
figure(3);
if xType==2
if yType==2
loglog(data_new(:,1),data_new(:,2),'b*');
else
semilogx(data_new(:,1),data_new(:,2),'b*');
end
else
if yType==2
semilogy(data_new(:,1),data_new(:,2),'b*');
else
plot(data_new(:,1),data_new(:,2),'b*');
end
end
handles.newdata=data_new;
guidata(hObject,handles);
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%******************************* Step 4 **********************************
% Press down 'save' to save your data in a txt file.
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
% --- Executes on button press in save.
function save_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to save (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[file,path]=uiputfile({'*.txt','文本文件(*.txt)';'*.*','所有文件'},'请选择保存文件...');
if ~isequal(file, 0)
idata=handles.newdata;
save([path file],'idata','-ascii');
end
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%************************* unused functions ******************************
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
function fileEdit_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to fileEdit (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of fileEdit as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of fileEdit as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function fileEdit_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to fileEdit (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function countEdit_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to countEdit (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of countEdit as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of countEdit as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function countEdit_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to countEdit (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function xmin_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to xmin (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of xmin as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of xmin as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function xmin_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to xmin (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function xmax_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to xmax (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of xmax as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of xmax as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function xmax_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to xmax (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function ymin_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to ymin (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of ymin as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of ymin as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function ymin_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to ymin (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function ymax_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to ymax (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of ymax as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of ymax as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function ymax_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to ymax (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on selection change in xTypePM.
function xTypePM_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to xTypePM (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns xTypePM contents as cell array
% contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from xTypePM
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function xTypePM_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to xTypePM (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: popupmenu controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on selection change in yTypePM.
function yTypePM_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to yTypePM (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns yTypePM contents as cell array
% contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from yTypePM
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function yTypePM_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to yTypePM (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: popupmenu controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
3. 完成上述两个步骤就大功告成了，点击.m 文件或者fig窗口上的运行按钮，即可运行本程序。如下图：

MATLAB提取图像中的数据

4. 接下来就可以处理你的图片了，操作步骤：
a. 单击.......按钮弹出如下窗口

MATLAB提取图像中的数据

选择你的图片如 test文件，单击打开，再单击import按钮，即可将图片显示在axes1的位置。
b. 单击坐标轴按钮，确定坐标轴（需确定三个点，在图上单击鼠标后按空格键，即可显示红色标线），再选取图上的数据（点击曲线数据，在图上取点，此时用蓝色星号标出选定的点），如下图:

MATLAB提取图像中的数据

c. 根据你的图片选取坐标系是线性的还是对数的，并输入相应的纵横坐标。
d. 再点击变换按钮，可得到新的figure

MATLAB提取图像中的数据

至此，数据已提取结束
e. 单击保存按钮，选择txt文件，保存数据即可。
最后再利用MATLAB曲线拟合的功能处理这些数据，即可得到更为准确的曲线数据。
注：由于时间紧张，本程序中没有实现坐标系缩放、平移，以及数据删除的功能，请酌情参考。

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