[转载]民法典合同篇和物权篇常用法律术语
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第一部分 民法典合同篇常用法律术语
1. conclude v.
缔结，订立（条约，公约，合同）；裁定
to conclude a contract 缔结合同
conclude a peace treaty 订立和平条约
conclude a treaty with sb. 与某人订立和约
The parties may conclude a contract in writing, orally, or in
other form.
当事人订立合同，可以采用书面形式、口头形式或者其他形式。
2. subject matter n.
诉讼标的；（合同等的）标的；标的物
subject matter competence (of a court)
按标的物确定的管辖权
subject matter of insurance 保险标的
A sales contract is a contract whereby the seller transfers
the ownership of a subject matter to the buyer, and the buyer pays
the price for it.
买卖合同是出卖人转移标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。
3. settlement n.
(诉讼或纠纷)和解；清偿；设定；（遗嘱或遗产）完全执行；分割；安置
settlement account 结算账户
settlement agreements 和解协议
settlement allowance 安置费
The termination of a relation of rights and obligations under
a contract shall not affect the validity of clauses that related to
settlement of accounts and winding-up.
合同的权利义务关系终止，不影响合同中结算和清理条款的效力。
4. offer n. 要约；报价；企图
v. 提出要约
offer of settlement 和解要约
offer to chaffer 公开招标
offer to guarantee 担保要约
offer under seal 密封要约
an invitation to offer 邀约
The parties may conclude a contract by making an offer and
acceptance or through other means.
当事人订立合同，可以采取要约、承诺方式或者其他方式。
5. reward n.
赏金；悬赏合同；报酬 v.
报酬；奖赏
reward system 奖赏制度
Where a rewarder through making an announcement promises to
pay a reward to anyone who has completed a particular act, the
person who has completed the act may request the rewarder to pay
the reward.
悬赏人以公开方式声明对完成特定行为的人支付报酬的，完成该行为的人可以请求其支付。
6. damages n.
损害赔偿金
compensatory damages 补偿性赔偿金
punitive damages 惩罚性赔偿金
nominal damages 象征性赔偿金
The parties may agree that if one party breaches the
contract, it shall pay a certain sum of liquidated damages to the
other party in light of the circumstances of the breach, and may
also agree on a method for the calculation of the amount of
compensation for losses incurred as a result of the
breach.
当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付一定数额的违约金，也可以约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法。
7. fall v.
（债务）到期；（租约）期满；失败；跌价；属于；在…限度（范围或管辖权）内
n. 跌倒；垮台
fall a victim to the accident
成为事故的受害者
fall due 到履行期
fall to one’s share
归某人负担；归某人的份额
fall into error 陷入歧途
During the course of concluding a contract, the party that
falls under any of the following circumstances and causes losses to
the other party shall bear the liability for
compensation.
当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一，造成对方损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。
8. remuneration n.
报酬；赔偿金；偿还
remuneration for personal services
劳务报酬
remuneration for work 工作报酬
remuneration in kind 实物报酬
remuneration of capital 资本报酬
After a contract becomes effective, where the parties have
not agreed on such contents as the quality, price or remuneration,
or the place of performance, and the like, or the relevant
agreement is unclear, the parties may make a supplementary
agreement; where the parties fail to reach a supplementary
agreement, such contents shall be determined according to the
relevant clauses of the contract or the course of
dealing.
合同生效后，当事人就质量、价款或者报酬、履行地点等内容没有约定或者约定不明确的，
可以协议补充；不能达成补充协议的，按照合同相关条款或者交易习惯确定。
第二部分 民法典物权篇常用法律术语
1.alienation n.
转让，分裂，疯狂
alienation clause 转让条款
alienation of affections 离间夫妻感情
The creation, alteration, alienation, or extinguishment of
the real rights in
immovable property shall be registered in accordance with
law.
不动产物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭，应当依照法律规定登记。
2.demurrer n.
诉求不充分抗辩，反对，停顿
demurrer book 法律抗辩争点记录
demurrer to evidence 对证据的异议
Where the right holder as recorded in the register of
immovable property does not agree to make rectification, an
interested person may apply for registration of a
demurrer.
权利人、利害关系人认为不动产登记簿记载的事项错误的，可以申请更正登记。
-- Article 220 法工委版
3. priority
n.在先，优先权，优先行使管辖权原则
priority of attachment扣押的优先性
priority of exercise优先行使管辖权
However, the mortgagee has no priority of compensation made
with the proceeds obtained from the new building.
但是，新增建筑物所得的价款，抵押权人无权优先受偿。
4. interference
n.妨碍；介入；干预；扰乱
（专利法）抵触审查指两人或两人以上就同一发明主张专利权时，用以确定何一优先的行政程序。目前通常由两种制度，一是发明在先制度【first
to invent rule】；二是申请在先制度【first to file
rule】
interference estoppel rejection
抵触审查
interference pay 干预报酬
interference proceeding 抵触审查程序
Where a real right has been or may be interfered with, the
right holder may file a claim for removal of interference or
elimination of danger.
妨害物权或者可能妨害物权的，权利人可以请求排除妨害或者消除危险。
5. expropriation
n.征收私有财产以作公用
expropriation of land 土地征用
expropriation of property 财产的征用
No organization or individual may embezzle, misappropriate,
privately divide, withhold, or default on the payment of
indemnities for expropriation and other expenses.
任何组织或者个人不得贪污、挪用、私分、截留、拖欠征收补偿费等费用。
6. request n. 要求，申请
v. 请求
request blank/form 申请书
request note/sheet 申请书
A finder that illegally possesses the found property shall
have no right to claim the expenses paid for the safekeeping of the
property, among others, or to request the right holder to fulfill
the obligation as promised.
拾得人侵占遗失物的，无权请求保管遗失物等支出的费用，也无权请求权利人按照承诺履行义务。
7. equity n.
股权、股份，衡平法，公平，横平，含义、意图，附属权利或义务
equity capital 股本
equity credits 资产信贷
A pledge on fund shares or equity is created upon
registration of the pledge.
以基金份额、股权出质的，质权自办理出质登记时设立。
8.withhold v.
扣留（属于他人或他人主张的财产）；拒绝
withhold agent 税款预提义务人
withhold confidence 撤回信任
withhold exemption and reductions
预扣税减免
The property owned by the state shall be protected by law,
and no organization or individual may embezzle, loot, privately
divide, withhold, or destroy them.
国家所有的财产受法律保护，禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、私分、截留、破坏。
9. misappropriate v.
侵占
misappropriation theory 信息盗用理论
misappropriation of public funds
侵吞公款
No organization or individual may embezzle, misappropriate,
privately divide, withhold, or default on the payment of
indemnities for expropriation and other expenses.
任何组织或者个人不得贪污、挪用、私分、截留、拖欠征收补偿费等费用。
10. conversion n.
折价
conversion into money 折价，换算成现金
if it is difficult to partition the property or the partition
will decrease its value, the proceeds obtained from the conversion
into money, auction or sell-off of the immovable or movable shall
be distributed.
难以分割或者因分割会减损价值的，应当对折价或者拍卖、变卖取得的价款予以分割。
11. gift v.
赠与 n.
赠与物
