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must have done的3种含义

2017-04-01 06:05阅读:
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《高阶英语语法》(增补本 杜永文编著)第763页
1436 “must have 动词的过去分词”有三种意思:
a.想必曾经【表示的是接近于真实情形的一种推断】
b.想必曾经(实际不曾)【表示的是虚拟含义】
c.必须曾经。【指在一种经历上具体条件的要求】
例如:
You must have seen him. 你想必曾经见过他了。
The door droops a little; there must have been something wrong with the hinges.
门有点下坠,铰链一定(想必曾经)出了问题。
You must have seen her if you had been here yesterday.
要是昨天你在这里,你一定见到他了。
(实际上昨天你并不在这里,所以昨天实际上你不曾见到她。)
Any applicant for this position must have practised for six years.
凡申请该职务者,必须具有六年的实践经验。

《英汉多功能学习词典》第980页must词条must have done的三种释义:
must的后面接完成时态(have 过去分词)、进行时态(be -ing)时,通常意为“一定…”;接下来是受意志支配的动词时一般意为“必须…”:
It must be raining outside. 外面一定在下雨。
I must be moving on. 我得继续向前走。
过去的事情用must have 过去分词表示:
The trip must have been very interesting. 那次旅行一定很有意思吧。
“The concert must have been exciting.” “No, it wasn’t.”
“那场音乐会一定很刺激吧。”“不刺激。”
在虚拟过去完成时态的主句中,意为“一定会…(would have
certainly…)”:
If he had known of her distress, he must have come to her aid.
要是他知道她的消息,他一定会帮助她的。
表示完成的必要,意为“必须做完…”:
You must have finished your job before you go on a trip.
去旅行前,你必须干完工作。(此处的must可以换成have to)

下面是其中的两种含义释义的例证:
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》(辛克莱著)第1276页词条11
If you say that someone must have done something or something must have happened, you mean that you are assuming or guessing that they did it or that it happened, although you are not actually certain. (某人)很可能(已做某事);(某事)想必(已发生)
We must have taken the wrong road. 我们一定是走错路了。
She had predicted that just such a creature must have existed.
她曾预言这种动物很可能存在过。
It must have been dreadfully difficult. 此事想必是异常困难的。
It must’ve been terrifying for the people around you. 你周围的人肯定吓了一大跳吧。
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》(辛克莱著)第1276页词条12
If you say that one thing must have happened in order for something else to happen, you mean that it is necessary for the first thing to have happened before the second thing can happen.
应已发生(指如果第二件事发生,那么第一件事应该已先发生过)
In order to qualify for Unemployment Benefit, you must have paid at least 26 Class 1 contributions.
如果想获得失业救济金的资格,你应当至少已付过26笔第一类捐款。

下面的句子好像不符合以上的说法:
《牛津英语语法要点精讲》(John Eastwood编著)第497页B then
If the figures don’t add up, then you must have made a mistake.
如果数字加起来不对,那么你肯定是弄错了。
有见过must have done表达将来的吗?本句中的这个结构怎么理解?
2017年4月1日
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