with复合结构
2018-06-30 07:15阅读：
桐柏一高中2017年秋期高二英语组课堂教学设计
编写人：杨东平
2018-01-08
with复合结构
with复合结构是由with+复合宾语组成，常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形：
1
with + 名词
(或代词) +
现在分词，此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:
With prices going up so fast, we can't
afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨
很快，我们买不起高档商品。（原因状语）
With the crowds cheering, they drove to
the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。（伴随情况）
2
with + 名词 (或代词)
+ 过去分词，此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:
I sat in my room for a few minutes with
my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。（伴随情况）
She had to walk home with her bike
stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。（原因状语）
3 with + 名词
(或代词) +
动词不定式，此时，不定式表示将发生的动作。例如:
With no one to talk to, John felt
miserable. 由于没人可以说话的人，约翰感到很悲哀。（原因状语）
With a lot of work to do, he wasn't
allowed to go out. 因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。（原因状语）
4
with + 名词
(或代词) +
形容词
I like to sleep with the windows open.
我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。（伴随情况）
With the weather so close and stuffy, ten
to one it'll rain presently. 大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。（原因状语）
5
with + 名词
(或代词) +
介词短语
With the children at school, we can't
take our vacation when we want to. 由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。（原因状语）
The soldier had him stand with his back
to his father. 士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿。（行为方式）
6
with + 名词 (或代词)
+ 副词
He fell asleep with the light on.
他睡着了，灯还亮着。（伴随情况）
The boy stood there with his head down.
这个男孩低头站在那儿。（伴随情况）
请见下面的高考试题中出现的几个相关句子：
1 The
murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his
back.
2
And thousands of terrified watchers
stared with their hearts beating fast.
桐柏一高中2017年秋期高二英语组课堂导学案
编写人：杨东平
2018-01-08
1：请选择最佳答案
1）With nothing_______to burn，the fire became weak
and finally died out.
A.leaving
B.left
C.leave
D.to
leave
2）The girl sat there quite silent and still with
her eyes_______on the wall.
A.fixing
B.fixed
C.to be fixing
D.to be fixed
3）I
live in the house with its door_________to the south.
A.facing
B.faces
C.faced
D.being faced
4）They pretended to be working hard all night with
their lights____.
A.burn
B.burnt
C.burning
D.to
burn
练习2：用with复合结构完成下列句子
1）_____________（有很多工作要做），I couldn't
go to see the doctor.
2）She sat__________（低着头）。
3）The day was bright_____.（微风吹拂）
4）_________________________，（心存梦想）he went to
Hollywood.
答案及分析
答案（练习1）：
1）答案是B.with的宾语nothing和动词leave是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。
2）答案是B.短语fix one's eyes on
sth是“盯着……看”的意思，所以句中her
eyes和动词fix是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
3）答案是A.face“朝、向”，是不及物动词，所以和its
door是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。
4）答案是C.burn“点燃、发亮、发光”，是不及物动词，所以和their
lights是主动关系，所以用现在分词。
答案（练习2）：
1）With a lot of work to do
2）with her head bent
3）with a fresh breeze blowing
4）With a dream in heart
桐柏一高中2017年秋期高二英语组课堂教学设计
编写人：杨东平
2018-01-09
独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。
一）非谓语动词独立主格结构
在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
1． 不定式“独立主格结构”
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。例如：
I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ____ in a
year.
A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
选C。
2．-ing形式“独立主格结构”
1） 表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.
每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。（相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready)
2） 表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the
strange cave.
（相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the
way）
3） 含有being的独立主格结构。
It being National Day today，the streets are very
crowded.
= As it is National Day today, the streets are very
crowded.
4） 表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Time permitting, we will have a picnic next
week.
（相当于一个条件状语从句If time
permits)
5） 表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing
a card in front of his chest.（相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in
front of his chest）
4．-ed形式“独立主格结构”
与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。
The book written in simple English, English beginners were
able to read it. （独立主格结构在句中作原因状语）
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the
blackboard. （独立主格结构在句中作方式状语）
The task completed,he had two months' leave. （独立主格结构在句中作时间状语）
桐柏一高中2017年秋期高二英语组课堂导学案
编写人：杨东平
2018-01-09
With的复合结构与独立主格结构
1.There______（be）no
bus, we had to walk home.
2. As
there_______（be）no
bus, we had to walk home.
3. There
______（be）no
bus, so we had to walk home.
4.It
_______（be）Sunday,
the library doesn't open.
5. As it
______（be）Sunday,
the library doesn't open.
6.New words
______（explain）,
the text became easier for us to learn.
7.When new words ______
（explain）, the text
became easier for us to learn.
8. If time
______（permit）,
we'd better have a holiday at weekends.
9. Time
______（permit）,
we'd better have a holiday at weekends.
10. All things
______（consider）,
the planned trip will have to be called off. 11.With the man
______
（guide）us ahead, we
had no trouble finding the village.
12.The murderer was brought in，with his hands
________（tie）
behind his back.
13. As
time________（go）on，everything
has changed.
14. With
time________（go）on，everything
has changed.
15. _______ production up by 60%, the company
has had another excellent year.
16. He stood
there，with his
hand
______（raise）.
17.With a lot of
work_____（do）,
she doesn’t have time to rest.
18.With the machine
_____（work）all
the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.
19. With
nothing left
______（burn），the fire became weak and finally died out.
20.
______（lose）
in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of
him.
21.With our problem
_______（settle）,
we all felt happy.
22.With his
work______（do）,
the secretary began to walk home.
23.The man found the door with both his eyes
______（
close）.
24.We felt uncomfortable with two
waitresses_______（stand）by.
25. The
girl
sat
there
quite
silent
and
still
with
her eyes
__（fix）on
the
wall.
26 .They
pretended
to
be
working hard all night with their lights___.（burn）
27 .Do you know the man ______ a book in
his hand?
28. I live in the house with its door
_________（face）to the south.
29.______
（be）busy, they had no
time to play.
30._______
（Correct）the students'
homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.
31.________（Praise）by
your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.
32.______
（give）more time, he is
sure to finish his test paper.
1. being
2. was
3.was
4 . being
5. is
6.explained
7.were
explained 8.permits
9.permitting
10.
considered
11、guiding
12． tied
13．
goes
14.going
15. With
16. raised
17. to do
18.working
19. to burn
20. Lost
21. settled
22.done 23.
closed
24.
standing by
25.fixed
26.burning
27. with
28.
facing
29. Being
30
Correcting
31. Praised
32. Given
