一、系动词通常分为以下的六类并附详细的用法 1、状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,而且主语不同，be的形式也不同，且有时态的变化。这是我们最常见的系动词。举例如下： He is being
kind.（一时而不能持久的性质） 他装出和蔼可亲的样子。 Are you feeling any
better?（语气亲切）
你感觉好了些吗？ She is very
beautiful. 她非常漂亮。 He is a teacher.
他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份） 2、持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,
rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at
meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a
mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3、表像系动词 用来表示'看起来像'这一概念,主要有seem,
appear, look, 例如： He looks
tired. 他看起来很累。 It looks as if we are going
to have snow. 看样子天要下雪了。 He looked as if he had just
stepped out of my book of fairy tales. 他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。 She seemed as if (though)
she couldn’t understand why Laura was there. 看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。 It sounds to me as though
there’s a tap running somewhere. 我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。 She felt as if her head
were splitting. 她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。 The river appeared as if
enveloped in smog. 那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。 It seems as if it were
spring already. 好像已是春天了。 He seems (to be) very
sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4、感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste,
例如： Your hand feels
cold.（无意识的静态性质） 你的手摸起来冰凉。 This kind of cloth feels
very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very
sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 The dinner smells
good. 这饭菜闻起来真香。 The soup tastes good. 这汤的味道不错。 5、变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,
run. 例如： He became mad after
that. 自那之后,他疯了。 She grew rich within a
short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6、终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out,
表达'证实','变成'之意,例如： The rumor proved
false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved
difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a
success. 他的计划终于成功了。 My advice proved to be
wrong. 我的建议证明是错误的。 二、系动词也可以分为以下的三类 第一类：表示特征或状态的有be,look,feel,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,turn,out（结果是、证明是）等。 You'll be all
right soon. You don”t look very
well. I feel rather cold. He seems to be ill. It appears that he is
unhappy. The roses smell
sweet. The mixture tasted
horrible. How sweet the music
sounds! The day turned out (to be)
a fine one.
第二类：表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化,有become, get, grow, turn, fall,
go,come, run等。 He became a world-famous scientist. It is getting warmer and
warmer. It grew dark. The food has turned
bad. Yesterday he suddenly fell
ill. Mary's face went red. His dream has come
true. The boy's blood ran
cold. 第三类：表示保持状态的,有keep, remain,
continue等。 Keep
quiet, children! The weather continued fine
for a long time. It remains to be
proved. 三、使用系动词注意的要点：
1、所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，举例如下： Our future will be beautiful. She looks unhappy
today. Do you feel cold? You seem/appear ill. The food tastes
delicious. The weather is turning/
growing/ becoming/ getting cold. He often went hungry.
2、能用名词作表语的系动词有：be,
become, turn， sound, remain, seem等。 He was a postman six years ago. He has become a famous
doctor. He turned traiter to his
country. That sounds a good
idea. He remains an ordinary
worker. He seems a stranger to
me. 3、能用不定式作表语的系动词有：appear, seem, get, prove, remain,
turn out等，举例如下： She
appears/ seems to be very young. He appears/ seems to have
caught cold. They got to be
friends. The meeting turned out to
be successful. The theory proved to be
right. Much remains to be
done. 4、能接从句的有：be,
seem, appear, sound, look等，举例如下：
That's why he fell ill. My idea is that we should
help him. It seems/ appears to me
that something is wrong. It sounds to me as if
someone were trying to get into the house. Your voice sounds as if you
had a cold. It looks as if it is going
to rain. 5、能接介词短语的有：be, feel, look, sound,
taste, remain等。其中be是特别活跃的系动词,其后可接很多介词短语作表语，举例如下： He is at home/ in the
library/ on the way home/ on holiday. The police are after
him. He is at work on a new
invention. He found the girl was in
tears. They are on duty/ on
strike/ on leave. The road is under repair.
其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小.如： It feels like a rain. It looks like a rain. It sounds like a train
going under my room. It tastes of
apples.（这有苹果的味道.） The concert remains in my
memory. 6、能接分词的系动词有：be,
become, get, grow, seem, appear等，举例如下： His report was surpring/
disappointing/ delighting/ moving/ astonishing… The boy was moved/
delighted/ surprised/ disappointed/ astonished. He has become/ got/ grown/
interested in modern physics. He seems/ appears
drunk. 7、有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如： He fell ill
yesterday.
他昨天病了。（fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况.） He fell off the
ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语.
8、某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow,
turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用，表示渐进过程，其意思是“越来越……”。例如： He is growing taller and taller. 他长得越来越高了。 Our life is getting better and
better. 我们的生活是越来越好了。 The things are getting worse. 情况是越来越糟了。
9、系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句,系动词be可用于上述所有情况。举例如下： The pepople are the real heroes.（名词） That”s something we have always to keep in
mind.（代词） She is often the first to come
here.（数词） She is pretty and wise.（形容词） The news was surprising.（分词） His job is teaching English.（动名词） The only method is to give the child more
help.（不定式） I must be off now.（副词） The bridge is under
construction.（介词短语） That would be a great weight off my
mind.（词组） This is why he was late.（从句）
