爱读传统书籍的少年
简析only的特别用法
毛里林
only作形容词，意思是“唯一的，仅有的”，如：the only way out唯一出路；作副词，有 “只有，仅仅，才” 等意思，如：Only she knows that. 只有她知道那件事情。only一词看似
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爱读传统书籍的少年
简析only的特别用法
毛里林
only作形容词，意思是“唯一的，仅有的”，如：the only way out唯一出路；作副词，有 “只有，仅仅，才” 等意思，如：Only she knows that. 只有她知道那件事情。only一词看似
简单，但其特异功能还真不少。笔者在此对only的特异功能作一简析。
1. only作连词，与not搭配，构成并列连词not only...(but also)，是“不但……而且……”的意思。该词置于句首，且连接两个句子时，须用倒装。not only的常见变体形式有：not just, not merely, not simply, not solely等，用法亦同。不过，在口语中，only亦可单独作连词用，意思是“可是，不过”。例如：
Joe not only had read the book，but also remembered what he had read. 乔不但读过此书， 而且还记得所读的内容。
Not only had Eric been fined, but also he had been sent to prison. 埃里克不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。
Not simply did Carla teach school, but she was a fairly good basketball player. 卡拉不仅教书，也是一名相当不错的篮球运动员。
You may use any of these tools, only you must replace it after use. 这些工具你都可以使用，但是用后必须归还原处。
Jack is the only one of the students in our class who is capable of speaking Russian.
Jack is one of the boy students in our class who are interested in Chinese.
This is the only one of the most inviting plays that has been put on in the last five years. 这是近五年来上演的唯一一部最受欢迎的剧作品。
3. only能改变不定式的功能。不定式置于句首或句末，均可表示目的。一旦它与不定式连用，则表示出人意料，或令人不快的结果。例如：
To catch the first bus, Daniel got up very early./ Daniel got up very early to catch the first bus.
She hurried all the way to the post office only to find the door was locked. 她一路匆忙赶到邮局，却发现门是被锁着的。(表出人意料的结果)
She got home only to learn that her grandmother was badly ill. 她回到家才知道奶奶病得很厉害。(表令人不快的结果)
4. only能改变句子语序。only无论引导词或词组，还是句子，只要置于句首作状语时，通常就要采用倒装结构。例如：
Only yesterday did Mary’s letter reach Tom.
If only I could stay in Shanghai after graduation! 要是毕业后我能留在上海就好了。
If only
You can borrow the book only if you give it back in two weeks. 你可以借这本书, 条件是你要在两周内归还。
6. only能变否定为肯定。“too...to...”结构表示否定意思，但是“only too…to…”就表肯定意思了。后者中的too一般接表示心情的形容词，如pleased, glad, delighted, thankful等，也可接good和kind等描绘性的词。这里的only相当于really, too相当于very，翻译成“真是太……, 非常……”等。此外， all，but，never，not等词可以替换only, 用意一样。例如：
They are only too glad to go with you.让你和他们一道去，他们真是太高兴了。
The place of interest is only too good to visit. 这处名胜古迹非常不错，很值得一看。
It is well known that
参考文献：
1. only作连词，与not搭配，构成并列连词not only...(but also)，是“不但……而且……”的意思。该词置于句首，且连接两个句子时，须用倒装。not only的常见变体形式有：not just, not merely, not simply, not solely等，用法亦同。不过，在口语中，only亦可单独作连词用，意思是“可是，不过”。例如：
Joe not only had read the book，but also remembered what he had read. 乔不但读过此书， 而且还记得所读的内容。
Not only had Eric been fined, but also he had been sent to prison. 埃里克不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。
Not simply did Carla teach school, but she was a fairly good basketball player. 卡拉不仅教书，也是一名相当不错的篮球运动员。
You may use any of these tools, only you must replace it after use. 这些工具你都可以使用，但是用后必须归还原处。
Jack is the only one of the students in our class who is capable of speaking Russian.
Jack is one of the boy students in our class who are interested in Chinese.
This is the only one of the most inviting plays that has been put on in the last five years. 这是近五年来上演的唯一一部最受欢迎的剧作品。
3. only能改变不定式的功能。不定式置于句首或句末，均可表示目的。一旦它与不定式连用，则表示出人意料，或令人不快的结果。例如：
To catch the first bus, Daniel got up very early./ Daniel got up very early to catch the first bus.
She hurried all the way to the post office only to find the door was locked. 她一路匆忙赶到邮局，却发现门是被锁着的。(表出人意料的结果)
She got home only to learn that her grandmother was badly ill. 她回到家才知道奶奶病得很厉害。(表令人不快的结果)
4. only能改变句子语序。only无论引导词或词组，还是句子，只要置于句首作状语时，通常就要采用倒装结构。例如：
Only yesterday did Mary’s letter reach Tom.
If only I could stay in Shanghai after graduation! 要是毕业后我能留在上海就好了。
If only
You can borrow the book only if you give it back in two weeks. 你可以借这本书, 条件是你要在两周内归还。
6. only能变否定为肯定。“too...to...”结构表示否定意思，但是“only too…to…”就表肯定意思了。后者中的too一般接表示心情的形容词，如pleased, glad, delighted, thankful等，也可接good和kind等描绘性的词。这里的only相当于really, too相当于very，翻译成“真是太……, 非常……”等。此外， all，but，never，not等词可以替换only, 用意一样。例如：
They are only too glad to go with you.让你和他们一道去，他们真是太高兴了。
The place of interest is only too good to visit. 这处名胜古迹非常不错，很值得一看。
It is well known that
参考文献：