新浪博客

4.3.2发生在肺内的气体交换

2017-02-23 08:17阅读：

http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/u/1314736041

4.3.2 Gas exchange in the lungs
Outline the gas exchange process between the lungs and the outside world
概述肺与外界的气体交换过程
Outline the gas exchange process between alveoli and blood
概述肺泡与血液的气体交换过程
呼吸，是指机体与外界环境之间气体交换的过程。人的呼吸过程包括三个互相联系的环节：外呼吸，包括肺通气和肺换气；气体在血液中的运输；内呼吸，指组织细胞与血液间的气体交换。
呼吸（词语）_百度百科
https://baike.baidu.com/item/呼吸/783795?fr=aladdin
4.3.2发生在肺内的气体交换 4.3.2发生在肺内的气体交换

Alveoli [ælˈvi:əlaɪ] n.小孔，肺泡（ alveolus的名词复数 ）;气泡
alveolus英 [ælˈvi:ələs] n.牙槽;小孔，肺泡;蜂房的巢室
Your Lungs & Respiratory System (for Kids) - KidsHealth
https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/lungs.html?WT.ac=en-k-slpmsh-k-lt


Breathing air is necessary for keeping humans (and many animals) alive.
呼吸空气是维持人类(和许多动物)生存的必要条件。
Your lungs make up one of the largest organs in your body, and they work with your respiratory system to allow you to take in fresh air, get rid of stale air, and even talk.
肺是人体最大的器官之一，它与呼吸系统协同工作，让你吸入新鲜空气，排出污浊的空气，甚至说话。
[steil] adj. 陈腐的; 不新鲜的; 走了味的;
Your lungs are in your chest, and they are so large that they take up most of the space in there. You have two lungs, but they aren't the same size the way your eyes or nostrils are. Instead, the lung on the left side of your body is a bit smaller than the lung on the right. This extra space on the left leaves room for your heart.
你的肺在你的胸部，它们太大了，占据了大部分的空间。你有两个肺，但它们不像你的眼睛或鼻孔那样一样大。相反，你身体左边的肺比右边的肺小一点。左边多余的空间是留给心脏的位置。
Your lungs are protected by your rib cage, which is made up of 12 sets of ribs. These ribs are connected to your spine in your back and go around your lungs to keep them safe. Beneath the lungs is the diaphragm (say: DY-uh-fram), a dome-shaped muscle that works with your lungs to allow you to inhale (breathe in) and exhale (breathe out) air.
肺由胸腔保护，胸腔由12组肋骨组成。这些肋骨与背部的脊柱相连，环绕肺部以确保它们的安全。肺的下方是隔膜(说：DY-uh-fram)，这是一块圆顶状的肌肉，与肺合作，让你吸入(吸气)和呼出(呼气)空气。
[rɪb] n. 肋骨; （船或屋顶等的）肋拱; 肋骨状的东西; （织物的）凸条花纹;
You can't see your lungs, but it's easy to feel them in action: Put your hands on your chest and breathe in very deeply. You will feel your chest getting slightly bigger. Now breathe out the air, and feel your chest return to its regular size. You've just felt the power of your lungs!
你看不见自己的肺，但很容易感觉到它们在活动:把手放在胸前，深深地吸气。你会觉得你的胸部变大了一点。现在呼出空气，感觉你的胸部恢复到正常大小。你刚刚感受到了肺部的力量!


A Look Inside the Lungs看看里面的肺
Trachea [ˈtreɪki:ə]气管 alveoli n.小孔，肺泡（ alveolus的名词复数 ）;气泡
Bronchus 英 [ˈbrɒŋkəs] n.（尤指肺两侧的）支气管 bronchiole [ˈbrɔŋkiəul] n. 细支气管;
4.3.2发生在肺内的气体交换
diaphragm[ˈdaɪəˌfræm] n. <机> 隔板; <解>横隔膜; 膈肌 <物>光圈; 快门; adj. 光圈的，隔膜的;
From the outside, lungs are pink and a bit squishy, like a sponge. But the inside contains the real lowdown on the lungs! At the bottom of the trachea (say: TRAY-kee-uh), or windpipe, there are two large tubes. These tubes are called the main stem bronchi (say: BRONG-kye), and one heads left into the left lung, while the other heads right into the right lung.
从外面看，肺是粉红色的，有点黏糊糊的，像海绵一样。但是里面有肺的真实情况！在气管的底部，有两个大管子。这些管子被称为主干支气管，一个头向左进入左肺，另一个头向右进入右肺。
lowdown [ˈləudaun] n. <俚>内幕，真相，实情;
windpipe [ˈwɪndˌpaɪp] n. 气管;
Each main stem bronchus (say: BRONG-kuss) — the name for just one of the bronchi — then branches off into tubes, or bronchi, that get smaller and even smaller still, like branches on a big tree. The tiniest tubes are called bronchioles (say: BRONG-kee-oles), and there are about 30,000 of them in each lung. Each bronchiole is about the same thickness as a hair.
每个主支气管(说:BRONG-kuss)--只是其中一个支气管的名字--然后分支成管，或者支气管，变得越来越小，甚至更小，就像一棵大树的树枝。最小的管被称为细支气管，每个肺中大约有30,000个细支气管。每一个细支气管的厚度都和一根头发差不多。
bronchi [ˈbrɑŋˌkaɪ, -ˌki] n. 支气管; （尤指肺两侧的）支气管( bronchus的名词复数 );
bronchiole [ˈbrɔŋkiəul] n. 细支气管;

At the end of each bronchiole is a special area that leads into clumps of teeny tiny air sacs called alveoli (say: al-VEE-oh-lie). There are about 600 million alveoli in your lungs and if you stretched them out, they would cover an entire tennis court. Now that's a load of alveoli! Each alveolus (say: al-VEE-oh-luss) — what we call just one of the alveoli — has a mesh-like covering of very small blood vessels called capillaries (say: CAP-ill-er-ees). These capillaries are so tiny that the cells in your blood need to line up single file just to march through them.
在每一个细支气管的末端都有一个特殊的区域，这个区域会形成一团叫做肺泡的微小气囊(说:al-VEE-oh-lie)。你的肺里大约有6亿个肺泡，如果你把它们伸展开来，它们可以覆盖整个网球场。这就是一群肺泡!每个肺泡(说:al-VEE-oh-luss)--我们说每一个肺泡--都覆盖有毛细血管网(说:CAP-ill-er-ees)。这些毛细血管是如此之小，以至于你血液中的细胞需要排成单行才能通过它们。
[ˈtini ˈtaɪni] adj. 极小的，极细微的;
capillary英 [kəˈpɪləri] 美 [ˈkæpəleri] n.毛细管;毛细血管;微管adj.毛细管的;毛状的
All About Inhaling
关于吸气
When you're walking your dog, cleaning your room, or spiking a volleyball, you probably don't think about inhaling (breathing in) — you've got other things on your mind! But every time you inhale air, dozens of body parts work together to help get that air in there without you ever thinking about it.
当你遛狗，打扫房间，或者打排球的时候，你可能不会想到吸气(吸气)——你有其他的事情在想!但每次你吸入空气时，身体的几十个部位都会协同工作，帮助你在不需要思考的情况下将空气吸入体内。
spike英 [spaɪk]n.长钉;细高跟;鞋钉;尖状物vt.加烈酒于;以大钉钉牢;用尖物刺伤;打乱某人的计划
As you breathe in, your diaphragm contracts and flattens out. This allows it to move down, so your lungs have more room to grow larger as they fill up with air. 'Move over, diaphragm, I'm filling up!' is what your lungs would say. And the diaphragm isn't the only part that gives your lungs the room they need. Your rib muscles also lift the ribs up and outward to give the lungs more space.
当你吸气时，膈肌收缩并变平。膈肌的下降可以使肺有更多的空间以吸入空气。你的肺会说:“动一动，膈肌，我要吸气了!”膈肌并不是给肺提供所需空间的唯一结构。你的肋间肌也会向上和向外提起肋骨，给肺部更多的空间。
At the same time, you inhale air through your mouth and nose, and the air heads down your trachea, or windpipe. On the way down the windpipe, tiny hairs called cilia (say: SILL-ee-uh) move gently to keep mucus and dirt out of the lungs. The air then goes through the series of branches in your lungs, through the bronchi and the bronchioles.
同时，你通过嘴和鼻子吸入空气，空气就会进入你的气管。在沿着气管下行的过程中，纤毛轻轻地摆动，以防止粘液和灰尘进入肺部。然后空气进入肺部的一系列分支，支气管和细支气管。
trachea [ˈtreɪkiə] n. 气管，导管，螺旋纹管;
windpipe [ˈwɪndˌpaɪp] n. 气管;
cilia [ˈsɪliə] n. 睫，纤毛;

我的更多文章

下载客户端阅读体验更佳

APP专享