[转载]高考英语经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法(21-30)
2019-12-18 17:02阅读：
21. To really
develop empathy, you’d better volunteer
at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that
has a diverse membership, have a“sharing circle” with your family,
or spend time caring for pets at an animal
shelter.
要真正开发同理心，你最好在养老院或医院做志愿者，加入一个有多样化的会员的俱乐部或团队，与你的家人有一个“共享圈”，或者在动物收容所照顾宠物。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a
club or a team，volunteer, join,
have和spend是并列的谓语动词，To
really develop…在句中作目的状语。
【词语点拨】volunteer
v. 志愿
n.
志愿者
Some graduates
volunteer to work in the
countryside.一些大学生自愿到农村去。
She now helps in a local school
as a volunteer three days a week.
目前她在当地的一家学校做志愿工作，一周去3天。
【语法点拨】不定式to
do可以作目的状语（其否定形式：not to
do），相当于in order to
do和so as to do (so as to
do只能放在句中，不能位于句首)。如：
One should get enough exercise
to keep healthy.
为了维持身体健康，一个人要有足够的锻炼。
To find a better
job, a lot of people choose to go to the big
cities.
为了找份更好的工作，很多人愿意到大城市去。
22. Proudly reading my
words, I glanced around the room,
only to find my classmates bearing big smiles
on their faces and tears in their eyes.
自豪地阅读我写的内容时，我环顾整个房间，却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出来了。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有三个非谓语短语，reading
my words 和only to
find…分别作时间状语和结果状语，bearing…作宾补。
【词语点拨】glance
vi瞥；浏览；后面常跟at,
through, over等介词
I picked up the phone book and
glanced through it.
我拿起电话簿，匆匆扫了一遍。
He glanced at
his watch and left the
room.他匆匆看了一下手表，离开了房间。
【语法点拨】动词不定式作结果状语时，通常表示出乎意料的结果，常被just或only修饰，置于句末，用逗号和句子分开。如：
I went to the classroom,
only to find nobody
there.我去了教室，却没有见到一个人。
He rushed to the door,
only to discover that it was locked and
barred.
他冲到门边,
却发现门已被锁死了。
23. At 12 years old she
won a Guinness Record when she became the
youngest
female to win the
women’s world title for platform diving at the
WorldChampionships in Australia in
1991.
1991年，12岁的伏明霞就获得了一项吉尼斯纪录，当时她参加了在澳大利亚举行的跳台跳水世界锦标赛，成为最年轻的女子世界冠军。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，when在句中引导状语从句，to
win the women’s world title…作定语，修饰the
youngest female。
【词语点拨】championship
n.冠军称号；锦标赛
We are proud for you to win the
championship.我们为你赢得冠军而骄傲。
All the gold medals for the
championship fell to the
team.
本届锦标赛的所有金牌都被这个队夺得。
【语法点拨】动词不定式作定语，具体用法参见第18句。
24. To get
rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow
process and it is not possible to speed it up with any
measures like taking a shower or having a cup
of tea or coffee.
把酒精从体内消除是个缓慢的过程，也不可能通过任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡来加速其消除的过程。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，To
get rid of alcohol和to speed it
up在句中都作主语。
【词语点拨】1)get rid
of 摆脱；除去
How to get rid of
air pollution is still a big problem.
如何清除空气污染仍然是个大问题。
2)measure n.
尺寸；措施；手段
vt. & vi.
测量；有……长（宽、高等）
A clock measures
time.钟是用来计量时间的。
This room measures
ten metres across.这个房间宽十米。
Mr. Smith asked the tailor to
make some new clothes to his own
measure.
史密斯先生要求裁缝照他的尺寸做新衣服。
We must take
measures to prevent the water from being
polluted.
我们必须采取措施防止水被污染。
【语法点拨】动词不定式作主语：具体用法参见第20句。
25. Having
identified the target group, researchers
find out as much as possible about those in the target group, such
as their likes and dislikes, and how the product would
fit into their lives.
明确了广告的目标群体后，研究人员就会尽量获取这个群体的有关信息，例如他们的好恶，以及如何使产品适应他们的生活。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，how在句中引导定语从句，Having
identified the target
group是现在分词的完成形式作状语。
【词语点拨】identify
vt.
识别，认出
Could you identify
your bike among a hundred others.
你能从100自行车中认出你的那一辆吗？
The bad weather is
identified as the possible cause of the
accident.
坏天气被认为可能导致了这个事故。
【语法点拨】having
done可以作状语，此时，它代表的动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，它的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致。如：
Not having tried
his best, he failed in the exam.
由于没有尽最大努力，他这次考试没能通过。
Having known
the situation well, they could deal with
the problem efficiently.
由于对形势的深刻了解，他们有效地处理了问题。
26. Having heard
wolves howling in the forest, Lala
accelerated her walk up the path to the caves
fearing that there might be wild beasts
lying in wait for her.
拉拉沿着回洞穴的路走着，听到狼群在森林里嚎叫，她的步伐加快了，担心会有野兽在等者伏击她。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导宾语从句，Having
heard
和fearing…在句中作状语。
【词语点拨】1)accelerate
v.
加快，加速
In order to catch up with
and surpass the advanced world levels we’ll have to
accelerate our
speed.要赶超世界先进水平，我们还得快马加鞭。
Sunshine, fresh air, and rest
often accelerate a person’s recovery from
sickness.
阳光 、
新鲜空气和休息常会促使病人早日康复。
2)lie
vi.平躺；位于（lay,
lain）；撒谎（lied,
lied）；n.撒谎
The factory lies
to the west of
town.工厂在小镇的西边。
David felt tired, so he went and
lay down for a rest.
戴维感到疲劳，所以去躺下休息了。
His books lay
open on the desk when I went
in.我进去时，发现书平摊在书桌上。
Richard wasn’t telling the
truth. He was
lying.理查德没讲实话，他在撒谎。
The only way to meet the
manager is to lie in wait for him as he leaves
one of his meetings.
找到这个经理的唯一办法是，等着他从会议结束出来。
【语法点拨】1)having
done作状语：具体用法参见第25句。
2）现在分词作状语：
现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如：
Rushing
out of the house, he was knocked down by a
car.
他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。
My cousin went to Shenzhen,
hoping to find a job
there.
我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。
The child
fell，striking
his head against the door.
小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。
In the last few years, the
country has had a hard time,suffering several killer
quakes.
过去几年里，这个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。
Being
spring, the flowers are in full
bloom.因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。
有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering,judging
from,talking of,allowing
for(考虑到),generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly
speaking, assuming that（假设）等。如：
Talking of
this film, it’s
wonderful.说到这部电影，好极了。
Assuming that
it is true, what should we do now?
假定那是真的,
我们现在该怎麽办?
Judging by
the direction of the wind, it won’t rain
today.
根据风向测度,
今天不会下雨。
Social psychology,
strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people
in groups. 严格地说,
社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。
27. Having scared
the little beings, I began struggling
to get loose andmanaged to break the strings
that tied my left arm and slightly moved the strings that tied down
my hair.
吓跑了小人，我开始挣扎以使绳子松开，终于挣断了绑着左臂的绳子，并轻轻地解开绑着头发的绳子。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，两个that在从句中都引导定语从句，修饰先行词the
strings，Having
scared…在句中作状语，to
break…作manage的宾语。
【词语点拨】struggle
vi.
搏斗;
挣扎；争取
n.打斗；挣扎；斗争
The climbers
struggled against the strong wind and finally
reached the top of the
mountain.登山者在强风中艰难的行走，最终到达山顶。
They struggled
to get out of the burning
building.他们艰难地逃离了着火的大楼。
With a struggle, I
managed to control my
feelings.经过一番斗争，我控制住了情绪。
【语法点拨】1)having
done作状语，具体用法参见第25句。
2)不定式to
do常跟在下列动词后作宾语：ask, agree, beg, begin,
start, wish, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope,
manage, seek, offer, plan, prepare, pretend,
promise, refuse, want, would/should
like等。如：
His parents choose to
live in the
countryside.他的父母决意在乡下居住。
We agreed to meet
here, but so far she hasn’t turned up
yet.
我们约定在这里见面，但是到现在她还没露面。
Would you like to
go and have a picnic with us
tomorrow?
明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？
28. Having killed
up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency
tostrike the young and fit rather than the old, the
Spanish Flu is believed tohave been the most acute
epidemic in history.
西班牙流感在十八个月内夺去了五千万人的生命，该病似乎专门袭击年轻力壮的人，而不是老迈长者，被认为是历史上最严重的一次传染病。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有一个句式：be
believed to do/be
被认为做……/是……，Having
killed…在句中作状语，to
strike…作定语，修饰tendency。
【词语点拨】strike
vt. 攻（袭）击；打，打动；
(钟)敲响报(时);
使突然想起
n.打击；罢工
Snowstorms often
strike that area in
winter.冬天暴风雪常常袭击那个地区。
Strike
while the iron is
hot.趁热打铁。
The clock struck
twelve.钟敲十二点。
I was struck by
the beauty of the West
Lake.我被西湖的美景给迷住了。
It suddenly struck me
that I ought to make a new
plan.
我突然想到,
我应该制订一个新的方案。
The bus drivers have been
on strike for several
days.
公共汽车司机罢工好几天了。
【语法点拨】1）(sth/sb)be
believed to do/be
被认为做……/是……=
It is/ was believed
that…，在这个句式中，不定式作主语补足语，可以代替believe用于这个句式的动词还有：say,
suppose, think, know, report等。如：
Do you know why Friday
is believed to be an unlucky
day?
你知道为什么星期五被认为是不吉利的日子吗？
The old castle was
believed to have ghosts living in it for many
years.
多年来人们一直相信这座古堡里面居住着幽灵。
The great pyramid is
believed to have been built over a 20-year
period.
人们认为建造这座大金字塔花去了20多年的时间。
Yao Ming is thought to
be one of the best basketball players in the
world.
姚明被认为是世界上最棒的篮球运动员之一。
2）having
done作状语，具体用法参见第25句。
3）to
do作定语，具体用法参见第19句。
29. I don’t know what
your expectations are of London, but knowing that you’ve
never travelled outside of Asia, I thought I’d tell you a bit
about what you can expect to
find.
我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但我知道您从未到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以，我想告诉你一点关于你期望找到的东西。
【句式分析】本句是有并列连词but连接的复合句,同时包含有四个从句，what
your expectations are…，that you’ve never
travelled…，I’d tell
you和what you
can…都是宾语从句；knowing…和to
find…在句中分别作主语和宾语。
【词语点拨】expect
v.期望；预期
You can’t expect
to succeed if you attempt tasks above your
ability.
如果你要做能力达不到的事，就别指望成功。
The beauties of the West Lake in
spring were beyond his
expectation.
西湖的春景要比他所预想的更加美丽。
【语法点拨】1）doing可以作主语：
很多情况下，相当于to
do，有时也可用it
作形式主语。常用doing作主语的句型：It
is no good/use
doing…做……没用
It is useless
doing…做……没用
It is worthwhile
doing…做……是值得的
It is useless
trying to persuade Miss Li to accept our
advice.
劝说李小姐接受我们的建议是没有用的。
如果doing有自己的逻辑主语，doing前可以用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格来修饰。如：
Tom’s/his coming
late made the manager very
angry.汤姆/他来晚了让经理很生气。
to
do和doing做主语的区别：to
do常表示具体的某一动作;
doing表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时，多用动名词。如：
Bicycling
is a good exercise; moreover, it doesn’t pollute the
air.
骑自行车是很好的运动;
而且还不污染环境。
2）不定式to
do作宾语：具体用法参见第27句。
30. The best way to
get rid of a negative serf-image is to
realize that your image is far from
objective, and to actively
convince yourself of your positive
qualities.
摆脱负面的自我形象的最好办法是意识到你的形象远远不是客观的，同时主动地使你相信自己的积极的品质。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that
your image is…是宾语从句，to get rid
of…在句中作定语，to realize…
和to actively
convince…是并列成分，作表语。
【词语点拨】far
from 远离；远非，远远不是
The work he did yesterday is
far from
perfect.他昨天做的的工作远非十全十美。
Far from relieving
my cough, the medicine made it
worse.
这药非但不镇咳，反而使我咳嗽得更厉害。
2）convince
vt.
使信服；常用于以下结构：
convince sb of sth
使某人相信某事。如：
You need to convince
your boss of your ability to do the
job.
你需要让你的老板相信你有做这份工作的能力。
convince sb to do
说服某人做某事
It took me a long time to
convince him to go with
me.
我用了很长时间才说服他和我一起去。
convince
sb+that从句 使某人相信
I managed to convince
my friend that I didn’t mean to hurt
him.
我设法使朋友相信我不想伤害他。
【语法点拨】1）不定式to
do作定语：具体用法参见第19句。
2）不定式to
do作表语：
说明主语的具体内容。如：
My only wish is to
do something for the
public.我唯一的愿望是为公众做些事。
表示不可避免将要发生的事。如：
The discovery is to
have a great effect on our life.
这个发现将对我们的生活产生重大影响。
不定式作表语，且主语部分有all,
what,
only或是最高级形容词修饰的名词和实义动词do时，作表语的不定式可省去to。如：
All you need to do now
is have a good rest.
现在你所需要的是好好休息。
