雅思写作-图表写作部分-折线图
2011-06-10 14:56阅读：
小作文部分-图表作文部分，是对图表数据以客观的手法，用语言文字加以再现。
回到我们常说的，形式和内容的关系，或称之为carrier 和
message的关系。message是作者最终想要传递给读者的信息，而传递的方式carrier可以有多种多样。可以用不同的语言传递（翻译存在的必要性），可以用图形传递（绘画艺术），甚至可以用音乐传递（更多是在传递一种情感），当然可以选择用图表传递，这种形式直观、明了、信息传达力强。
如果说作者绘制图表是一个编码的过程，那么我们现在要做的工作就是解码，将图表所包含的丰富信息“释放”出来。与议论文不同，图表作文的主观能动性较小，可供我们发挥的余地小。与此同时，也为我们带了方便，有章法可循，可以在考前做好充分的准备。
接下来，就让我们一起看看这些章法都是些什么？我们一一道来
最最根本的有两大章法： （1）学会从图表中挖掘有用信息--可以先用中文进行描述
（2）学习描述图表的固定词汇、句型、谋篇（段落组织）
有四大基本图形需要重点掌握：折线图、柱形图、饼状图、表格
至于混合图，需要在掌握好四大基本图形的基础上，再做综合练习，予以突破。
1. line/curve graph
折线图
（1）
折线图的特点是显著的
变化趋势，因此
我们先要准备积累一些表示上升，下降，波动，维持不动的相关词汇和句型。
下表仅供参考，只需要积累自己最擅长的，最拿手的词汇就足够了。当然，如果时间足够多，都可以积累一下。
上升趋势
|
rise to
|
a rise
in
|
increase to
|
an increase in
|
soar to
|
s
soar
|
boom to
|
a boom in
|
swell to
|
a swell
in
|
go up to
|
an upward trend
in
|
下降趋势
|
fall to
|
a fall
in
|
reduce to
|
a reduction in
|
decline to
|
a decline
in
|
decrease to
|
a decrease in
|
plunge to
|
a downward
trend
|
descend to
|
a drop in
|
保持稳定趋势
|
stay constant
at
|
remain stable
at
|
maintain the same
level at
|
no change
in
|
最高点
|
peak
at
|
hit a peak
|
a peak of
|
|
fluctuate
around
|
a fluctuation
around
|
|
|
|
arrive at a
climax
|
reach a maximum
amount/number of
|
|
soar/rocket to a
highest point of
|
最低点
|
hit a historic
low
|
touch the bottom
of
|
|
reach a lowest point
of
|
|
修饰上升或下降动词的副词:
程度剧烈的，幅度大的：dramatically/enormously/remarkably/strikingly/significantly/markedly/noticeably/considerably
程度微小的，幅度小的：
moderately/slightly/slowly/minimally/narrowly
（2）描述变化趋势时，为使语言多变、丰富，可采用以下方法：
（1）词性转换
e.g.:The number of the
patients reduced slightly to 3 cases on the 30th of
December.
---------The patients' number had a slight reduction to 3
cases on the 30th of December.
（2）词汇替换
e.g.:After an one-hour
remarkable growth from 3 p.m.....
---------growing singnificantly from 3 p.m.
The passengers in London subway rapidly reached a
maximum amount.
---------The passengers in London subway swiftly arrived at a
climax
（3）句式做些调整、变化
A.
subject+verb+adverb
e.g.:Production of timber declined rapidly from 1989 to
1995.
B.
There+be+a+adjective+noun+in+noun
e.g.:There was a rapid decine in production of timber from
1989 to 1995
词汇、句型有了初步的了解后，接下来我们看看段落的组织，也就是谋篇布局。我们以剑桥5上的一篇考官范文为例予以讲解。
剑5-Test1 Writting
Task1
The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged
65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different
countries.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting
the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
考官范文：
导入部分 The graph
shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and
the USA. It indicates that the percentage of elerly people in all
three countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the
respective populations by the year 2040.
导入部分由两句组成，即：导入句和概括句
导入句，用来介绍图表反映的是什么内容，或呈现的是什么主题。将导入句导入，能让读者有大体印象，了解到文章要将什么内容；概括句，运用数据来概括整个图表，例如说明折线图总的走势，饼状图各块的比例分布等特点。
导入句写作的方法：一般采取词汇替换和句式替换对题目进行转述（paraphrase）。
例如：题目描述：
The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged
65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different
countries.
词汇替换：
The line graph below illustrates the percentage of ageing
population in Japan, Sweden and USA between 1940 and
2040.
句式替换：
The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in
Japan, Sweden and the USA.
词汇的替换较简单，容易掌握，并可很快能在自己的写作中加以运用。句式的替换就需要在对整个图表完全看懂的基础上，灵活运用句型才行。
导入句写作句型：
The type of
chart
|
location
|
Appropriate
verb
|
Description
|
Time period
|
The line graph
|
Above
Below
|
shows
|
The number of
|
in
|
The pie chart
|
presents
|
The proportion
of
|
From…to…
|
The column
chart
|
illustrates
|
Information on
|
Between…and…
|
The table
|
demonstrates
|
Data on
|
|
概括句需要抓住图表的宏观信息，并用1-2句话加以概括。
这篇范文在概括句中仅仅呈现了折线图在2040年的一个预测趋势---三个国家到2040年的老年人口比例都预计达到25%。因此概括句的写法没有定式，要随图表的不同加以灵活应对。
主体部分
In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more
stood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the
US. However, while the figures for the Western countries grew to
about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5%
for much of this period, before rising to almost 5% again at the
present time.
大多
