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动词不定式作定语与被修饰词之间的三种关系

2010-04-13 20:36阅读：

http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/u/1590823944

动词不定式具有形容词性质，所以，它在句子中可作名词或不定代词的定语。但是，这种定语往往只能后置，并且与被修饰的词之间有一定的逻辑关系。这些关系常见的有三种。
1、不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
He told me he had a composition to write.
I want to get something to drink.
I have a lot of homework to do.
由上述例句得知，此时的不定式必须是及物动词。如果是不及物动词，其后就带一个结构或含义上所需要的介词。如：
Will you please bring me a chair to sit on?
She has nothing to worry about.



FONT>、不定式与被修饰的名词或不定代词有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：
He was the last one to arrive.
Is there anyone to take care of the children.
例句中的不定式动作的逻辑主语分别是one和anyone。此时的不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。如：
Among the men to take part in the work(==Among the men who are to take part in the work),he is probably the most active.
3、不定式所修饰的词在意义上通常是用于不定式所做某种事情的。如：
We have got a new way to kill field mice.
I think he will have a chance to go to his hometown.
可以看出，way是用来to kill field mice, chance是用来 to go to his hometown。因此，这种类型的不定式译法较灵活。可译作“…的”或“来/去…”等。如：
She has no time to see the film.

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