| 虚拟语气在英语中的用法（王勃艳） | ||
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祝愿”、“要求”、“命令”等主观愿望的虚拟。
（1）
与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的常用结构为：条件句的动词为were或动词的过去式，主句动词为would/should/could/might+动词原形。
---- If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again.（与现在事实相反，不能实现）
---- If I had enough money, I would first of all buy myself a DELL computer.
（2）
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气常用结构为：从句用had+过去分词，主句用would/should/could/might +have done。
---- If we had had enough rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.
---- If you had worked hard, you would have easily passed the final test. （事实是当初没努力，也没通过考试）
（3）
在条件句中，如假设的条件不能符合将来的实际情况，从句位于可用动词过去式或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形的虚拟语气。在表示与将来实施相反的条件句中，should，were to和动词的过去式三种形式的意义略有不同。Should表示的可能性最大，动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do的可能性最小。
---- If I should see/were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.(事实是我明天不能去看他，所以不能邀请他到家里来)
如果明天去见他，我会邀请他到我家。
（4）
---- Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.
---- Were she my daughter, I would not allow her to go to study abroad.
---- Should she be my daughter , I would not allow her to go to study abroad.
（5）
有时主句与从句所用的时间不一致，这叫做错综虚拟语气或混合虚拟语气。它要求主从句的时态根据实际的时间概念确定。
---- If she had followed the doctor’s advice , she would be quite all right now.
---- If you had told me the news yesterday,I wouldn’t be so worried today.
（6）
---- I suggest you（should）have enough sleep.
---- My parents advise me not watch too much TV.
2. 虚拟语气的用法
（1）
---- It is important that one (should) master the skills of computers.
---- It is surprising that you (should) take plenty of boiled water.
（2）
---- I wish I could fly to the moon some day.
---- My suggestion is that we (should) get started soon enough.
---- We made a suggestion that you (should) stay here until the party was over.
在宾语从句中，would rather 后的宾语从句中，从句一般用
一般过去时态，
表示现在或将来要做的事情，其后一般不加that.
---- Don’t make noise, I would rahter you kept quiet.
---- I would rather we had a rest now.
（3）
虚拟语气可用于定语从句中。这种从句常用在It is time that 句型中。从句中谓语动词一般用“过去式或should/ought to +动词原形”等虚拟结构。
---- It is high time we went to school.
---- It is time that we should have a discussion.
(4)
（4）
Ø
---- What if I should fail?
Ø
---- If only I were 20 years old.(相当于 It would be better if I were 20 years old )
Ø
---- If you would put your address here.
---- If you’d open your book.
(5)
---- Gold bless you .
---- May you succeed.
虚拟语气在现在的日常生活中已经淡化，但作为一种语法知识，我们却应该对它有更深刻的理解和认识，这样我们才能丰富我们的语言和交流能力。在今后的工作和学习中，我会继续钻研相关知识和要领，使自己能全面发展。
http://hi.baidu.com/54jingjing_326/blog/item/3b1b18263e8b191c8b82a152
5、使用虚拟语气应注意事项
1）表示强烈与真理相反的虚拟语气
句型：If + 主语 +
2）if的省略：if从句中
3）时态不一致的假设，句型如下：
If + 主语 +had +p.p.，主语+ would/could/might/should/ought to +原形动词+now/today
4)可取代if的其他连接词：in case(that)\on condition that\provide(that)\providing(that)\so long as（只要)\as long as（只要），这类连接词通常只用在纯条件的虚拟语气中。它们引导的从句时态均为一般现在时。
5）but for…
a、与现在事实相反：若非……就……
b、与过去事实相反：若非当时……就……
6）lest…(should)…
7）as if…=as though…
a、表极大的可能——>动词用一般时态
b、表与现在事实相反——>动词用一般过去时
c、表与过去事实相反——>动词用过去完成时
8、What if …should…?
if从句使用助动词should。
例如：What if he should come?=What could I (we)do if he should come?
要是他来了怎么办？
主意：What if之后也可以用一般现在时，所以例句可以改写为：
What if he comes?=What shall we do if he comes?
9、It is time + that从句的一般过去时：
It is time (high time) + that 从句的一般过去时
注意：本句型的that从句动词要用一般过去时。
10、If only… “要是……就好了”
本句型只用于与现在事实或过去事实相反的虚拟语气中。
11、wish的用法：之后接that 从句时，一定要使用虚拟语气。若与现在事实相反，要用一般过去时；如果与过去事实相反，则要用过去完成时。
12、hope的用法：之后接that 从句时，要使用一般时态，表示极大的可能性。
13、I hope 与祈使句的关系：
例：I hope (that) he may live long.=May he live long!
14、wish 和 hope 的异同：
a、相同部分：1）均可用不定式作宾语
2）也可作不及物动词与介词for连用，表“期望获得”之意，以名词作其宾语。
b、不同部分：表“祝福”时只能使用wish，之后接两个名词或代词作其宾语。
例如：I wish you a good time.
I wish my parents longevity.
百度文库
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/a6212dd7b9f3f90f76c61b26
1． What if you feel comfortable about doing a task by yourself?
What if ---?用来征求对方意见 “要是------ 怎么样?”。谈论现在情况, 多用一般过去时, 表示此建议听起来不那么肯定。
要是他们不来怎么办?What if they don’t come
明天要是下雨怎么办？ What if it rained tomorrow
谈论过去情况, 多用过去完成时来表示没有发生的事情
那很聪明,但如果当时你错过了汽车怎么办?
What if---?还可表示 “ 即使------又有什么关系
What if what he said is true?
即使他说的是真的, 又有什么关系?
--- Oh, I’m happy you finished your work on time!
--- Thank you! But what if he _____ me? A. didn’t help
C. doesn’t help
答案 B
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/bcef2eeb6294dd88d0d26b38
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/bcef2eeb6294dd88d0d26b38
（1）
与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的常用结构为：条件句的动词为were或动词的过去式，主句动词为would/should/could/might+动词原形。
---- If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again.（与现在事实相反，不能实现）
---- If I had enough money, I would first of all buy myself a DELL computer.
（2）
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气常用结构为：从句用had+过去分词，主句用would/should/could/might +have done。
---- If we had had enough rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.
---- If you had worked hard, you would have easily passed the final test. （事实是当初没努力，也没通过考试）
（3）
在条件句中，如假设的条件不能符合将来的实际情况，从句位于可用动词过去式或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形的虚拟语气。在表示与将来实施相反的条件句中，should，were to和动词的过去式三种形式的意义略有不同。Should表示的可能性最大，动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do的可能性最小。
---- If I should see/were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.(事实是我明天不能去看他，所以不能邀请他到家里来)
如果明天去见他，我会邀请他到我家。
（4）
---- Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.
---- Were she my daughter, I would not allow her to go to study abroad.
---- Should she be my daughter , I would not allow her to go to study abroad.
（5）
有时主句与从句所用的时间不一致，这叫做错综虚拟语气或混合虚拟语气。它要求主从句的时态根据实际的时间概念确定。
---- If she had followed the doctor’s advice , she would be quite all right now.
---- If you had told me the news yesterday,I wouldn’t be so worried today.
（6）
---- I suggest you（should）have enough sleep.
---- My parents advise me not watch too much TV.
2. 虚拟语气的用法
（1）
---- It is important that one (should) master the skills of computers.
---- It is surprising that you (should) take plenty of boiled water.
（2）
---- I wish I could fly to the moon some day.
---- My suggestion is that we (should) get started soon enough.
---- We made a suggestion that you (should) stay here until the party was over.
在宾语从句中，would rather 后的宾语从句中，从句一般用
一般过去时态，
表示现在或将来要做的事情，其后一般不加that.
---- Don’t make noise, I would rahter you kept quiet.
---- I would rather we had a rest now.
（3）
虚拟语气可用于定语从句中。这种从句常用在It is time that 句型中。从句中谓语动词一般用“过去式或should/ought to +动词原形”等虚拟结构。
---- It is high time we went to school.
---- It is time that we should have a discussion.
(4)
（4）
Ø
---- What if I should fail?
Ø
---- If only I were 20 years old.(相当于 It would be better if I were 20 years old )
Ø
---- If you would put your address here.
---- If you’d open your book.
(5)
---- Gold bless you .
---- May you succeed.
虚拟语气在现在的日常生活中已经淡化，但作为一种语法知识，我们却应该对它有更深刻的理解和认识，这样我们才能丰富我们的语言和交流能力。在今后的工作和学习中，我会继续钻研相关知识和要领，使自己能全面发展。
语法串讲——第三讲
虚拟语气（三）
http://hi.baidu.com/54jingjing_326/blog/item/3b1b18263e8b191c8b82a152
5、使用虚拟语气应注意事项1）表示强烈与真理相反的虚拟语气
句型：If + 主语 +
2）if的省略：if从句中
3）时态不一致的假设，句型如下：
If + 主语 +had +p.p.，主语+ would/could/might/should/ought to +原形动词+now/today
4)可取代if的其他连接词：in case(that)\on condition that\provide(that)\providing(that)\so long as（只要)\as long as（只要），这类连接词通常只用在纯条件的虚拟语气中。它们引导的从句时态均为一般现在时。
5）but for…
a、与现在事实相反：若非……就……
b、与过去事实相反：若非当时……就……
6）lest…(should)…
7）as if…=as though…
a、表极大的可能——>动词用一般时态
b、表与现在事实相反——>动词用一般过去时
c、表与过去事实相反——>动词用过去完成时
8、What if …should…?
if从句使用助动词should。
例如：What if he should come?=What could I (we)do if he should come?
要是他来了怎么办？
主意：What if之后也可以用一般现在时，所以例句可以改写为：
What if he comes?=What shall we do if he comes?
9、It is time + that从句的一般过去时：
It is time (high time) + that 从句的一般过去时
注意：本句型的that从句动词要用一般过去时。
10、If only… “要是……就好了”
本句型只用于与现在事实或过去事实相反的虚拟语气中。
11、wish的用法：之后接that 从句时，一定要使用虚拟语气。若与现在事实相反，要用一般过去时；如果与过去事实相反，则要用过去完成时。
12、hope的用法：之后接that 从句时，要使用一般时态，表示极大的可能性。
13、I hope 与祈使句的关系：
例：I hope (that) he may live long.=May he live long!
14、wish 和 hope 的异同：
a、相同部分：1）均可用不定式作宾语
2）也可作不及物动词与介词for连用，表“期望获得”之意，以名词作其宾语。
b、不同部分：表“祝福”时只能使用wish，之后接两个名词或代词作其宾语。
例如：I wish you a good time.
I wish my parents longevity.
百度文库
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/a6212dd7b9f3f90f76c61b26
1． What if you feel comfortable about doing a task by yourself?
What if ---?用来征求对方意见 “要是------ 怎么样?”。谈论现在情况, 多用一般过去时, 表示此建议听起来不那么肯定。
要是他们不来怎么办?What if they don’t come
明天要是下雨怎么办？ What if it rained tomorrow
谈论过去情况, 多用过去完成时来表示没有发生的事情
那很聪明,但如果当时你错过了汽车怎么办?
What if---?还可表示 “ 即使------又有什么关系
What if what he said is true?
即使他说的是真的, 又有什么关系?
--- Oh, I’m happy you finished your work on time!
--- Thank you! But what if he _____ me? A. didn’t help
C. doesn’t help
答案 B
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/bcef2eeb6294dd88d0d26b38
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/bcef2eeb6294dd88d0d26b38